The types of history are the classifications used to subdivide historiographic studies. History is a discipline that is responsible for studying and analyzing events or events in the past. It tends to follow a methodology to give legitimacy to what is being studied.
On the other hand, the specialist in charge of shaping these studies is the historian, who has the responsibility of transmitting the facts objectively. In this sense, the ethics of the historian allows him to manifest a truth at all times that can be useful for society.
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According to various theorists, the goal of history is man; Throughout history, man must be able to obtain knowledge and then impart or analyze it. Others claim that its usefulness is in taking it as an example to avoid making the same mistakes of the past in the present and the future.
According to the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, the historical study is fundamentally necessary for the health of man, peoples and cultures. Although history has several approaches that have developed over the years, it pursues the same objective; the study of society and its development.
Story types
Antiquarian History
It is a type of history that collects data or events from the past to later be described in a detailed way. In this sense, an antique dealer is a specialist who collects, studies and writes in detail about antiques.
Antiquarian history starts from the fact that the study carried out is usually reserved or "of little interest" to any specialist. This type of history focuses on the detailed study of ancient artifacts and archaeological and historical sites.
The difference between an antiquarian and a historian is that the former focuses on the study of the relics of the past, while the latter is concerned with narrating the past, the political and moral lessons in order to be used as an example for the present..
Currently, the term is used in a pejorative sense to refer to a focus on historical curiosities, excluding historical processes or contexts.
Critical History
Critical history addresses a variety of historical issues from the point of view of critical theory; that is, from a critical-reflective evaluation of society and culture, applying the study of sociology, the humanities, literary criticism, etc.
On the other hand, this type of story emphasizes the investigation of emblematic characters in universal history, who are usually seen "with bad eyes" over time. An example of them is the communist Karl Marx and his anti-capitalist works such as the Communist Manifesto.
Critical history provides the opportunity for agreement or disagreement on a wide range of issues of importance to society.
In addition, it addresses issues of the history of art, literature and architecture in a critical sense. An example is the architectural historian Mark Jarzombek, who reflects in his work the entire development of Renaissance architecture and a contemporary critique of architecture.
Bronze History
The history of bronze is born of the necessity of the nations to have their own vision with respect to history; that is to say, the nations aim to exalt their historical figures in order to create a faithful patriotism.
There are references that ensure the manipulation by the State of historical data and events, in order to maintain the system of power and patriotic ideologies. In short, the history of bronze is the exhibition of a feeling that the nations want to convey to their people.
An example is the patriotism of Mexico. From basic studies, knowledge is instilled about the heroes who gave their lives for the national cause. It is said that, unconsciously, from an early age, that essence is imposed on their way of being.
Bronze history is also called monumental history, according to Nietzsche's forms of history. According to the German philosopher, this type of story evokes events from the past that were positive to extract them in the present as an impulse towards humanity.
Scientific History
Scientific history emphasizes the analysis of the development of scientific and technological knowledge of human society. In addition, it studies the impact that science has had over time and how it influences other fields such as culture, politics or economics.
This type of history offers conclusions that are derived from a quantitative study and, in addition, it shares its material with the other sciences, such as natural and social. The concern of this approach is fundamentally based on carrying out scientific investigations of world history.
Historians have been concerned with giving history a logical character, so they have applied scientific methods to adapt them to the study of humanity's past.
However, the scientificity of history has been complicated, since historians and the human being in general tend to subjectivity; therefore, the principles of neutrality must be maintained, avoiding making personal judgments.
Historicism
Historicism is a philosophical trend that focuses on the study of history in order to understand human subjects. In addition, it maintains that scientific, artistic, political or religious events that have occurred throughout life are relevant to the human being.
Historicists do not see history as "past", but take the view that it is alive because its study arises as a motivation to improve or change the present. In this sense, he proposes to carry out an exploration of historical events.
In the emergence of the historicist movement, many theorists of the time explained that history should not be seen as actions that were carried out in isolated events, but as a whole that had to be studied and analyzed in depth.
Another of the historicist views is that history is based on facts or events that are the result of all human actions; however, not all events should be taken into account. You must have a certain criterion of relevance.
Unlike these "irrelevant" events, there are others that last over time, prolonging their action and sometimes repeating themselves in the future.
References
- Antiquarianism and history, Portal School of Advanced Study, (nd). Taken from history.ac.uk
- Antiquarian, Wikipedia in English, (nd). Taken from Wikipedia.org
- Different Kinds of History, H. Frederick, 2017. Taken from careertrend.com
- The types of history, Juan Carlos López López, (2007). Taken from monographs.com
- Historicism, New World Encyclopedia, (nd). Taken from newworldencyclopedia.org
- Historical interpretation methods, Google Site Portal, (nd). Taken from sites.google.com