The halide bulbs salts are the product is obtained combining a base with a hydroxide (OH), with a hydrohalic acid (H). It is a neutralization reaction, that is, no product is left with any charge where the result is a salt with a very stable ionic bond and water as a by-product.
An important characteristic of this type of salts is that they do not have oxygen in their structures, which is why they are also often called non-oxygenated salts.
Salts are ionic-bonded compounds that are formed by joining an acid with a base. There are different types of salts depending on the nature of their reagents, that is, if they are strong or weak acids or bases.
One of the most common examples of haloid salts is sodium chloride (NaCl), better known as table salt.
Acids and bases
To understand the formation of haloidal salts, it is important to take into account the concepts of acids and bases.
-An acid is a compound that, when interacting with water, generates a much larger H ion activity, generating a pH lower than 7. A strong acid is one that drastically lowers the pH, that is, it has a capacity to donate very protons. big.
-A base is a compound that, when interacting with water, generates a more notable OH ion activity, generating a pH greater than 7. A strong base is one that drastically raises the pH, that is, it has a capacity to donate OH ions very big.
Some acids that we interact with in daily life are citric acid, present in various fruits such as oranges and lemons.
How are they formed?
The general reaction for haloid salts forms is presented as follows:
Acid + Base → Salt + By-product
The by-product and the nature of the salt will change according to the acids and bases that are used:
-For a strong acid and a weak base, the salt will be acidic, and the by-product will then be protons (H).
-For a weak acid and a strong base, the salt will be basic, and the by-product will be OH ions.
-In the case of haloid salts, the reaction is neutral, the salt will not have any charge and the by-product will be water. This is the reason why it is a very stable product.
The reaction that occurs to produce sodium chloride occurs as follows:
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
The first compound is sodium hydroxide, the second is hydrochloric acid, the first product is salt (sodium chloride) and water.
Properties of haloid salts
-They are well defined white or showy crystals.
-They are very good conductors of electricity when dissolved in water.
-They have great reactivity
Examples
-NaCl: in addition to flavoring food, it serves to preserve food. In industry it is used for the production of paper and detergents.
-Kl: it has been given medical use for nuclear emergency situations in order to protect organs such as the thyroid.
-KNO3: it is used mainly in the production of fertilizers.
-RbBr: used in some X-ray and electrical conductivity investigations.
-BaCl2: it is common to use it in laboratories for different tests related to purification. It is also used in the creation of pyrotechnic fires.
References
- Kilpatrick, M. (1935). Acids, bases, and salts. Journal of Chemical Education,, 109-111.
- Chang, R., & Overby, JS (2011). General chemistry: The essential concepts (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- McLagan, DS, Huang, H., Lei, YD, Wania, F., & Mitchell, CPJ (2017). Application of sodium carbonate prevents sulfur poisoning of catalysts in automated total mercury analysis. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 133, 60-62. doi: 10.1016 / j.sab.2017.04.014
- Leung, A., Bauer, A., Benvenga, S., Brenner, A., Hennessey, J., Hurley, J.,… Toft, D. (2017). American thyroid association scientific statement on the use of potassium iodide ingestion in a nuclear emergency. Thyroid, 27 (7), 865-877. doi: 10.1089 / thy.2017.0054
- Yousef, ARM, Ali, EAM, Ahmed, DMM, & El-Hady, MA (2016). Potassium forms as a macronutrient application to maximize fruit and oil productivity of jatropha curcas (part 2: The use of potassium nitrate (KNO3)). International Journal of Agricultural Research, 11 (4), 105-115. doi: 10.3923 / ijar.2016.105.115