- Characteristics of conditional physical abilities
- 1- Force
- Types of force
- 2- Speed
- Types of speed
- 3- Resistance
- 4- Flexibility
- Types of flexibility
- References
The conditional physical abilities are those directly related to the work and movement. There are four conditional physical abilities: strength, speed, endurance, and flexibility.
Coordinating abilities are those related to orientation, balance, agility, sense-movement coordination and reaction.
The physical capacities or physical valences are the skills that the human being develops in order to have a stable body condition. These abilities are divided into two groups: coordinating and conditional.
Strength is the ability of muscles to react to a stimulus called resistance, while speed is the ability to execute a movement quickly.
Endurance is the ability to withstand intense physical activities, of more or less long duration. Lastly, flexibility is the ability to move your joints easily and naturally.
Conditional physical capacities can be developed through physical training (running, swimming, lifting weights, doing extension and elongation routines, among others).
Characteristics of conditional physical abilities
1- Force
Strength as physical ability refers to muscular effort. This ability allows us to lift heavy objects, move them, drag them, tension springs, tension a bow to shoot an arrow, support our own weight, among others.
The muscles react thanks to nervous stimuli. In this way, they can contract, flex, extend or stay in a certain position.
A person's strength can increase with training. Some of the activities recommended for this purpose are the following:
1-Raise your own body weight (doing exercises on bars).
2-Lift weights.
3-Stretch springs.
4-Sprints (running short distances at maximum speed).
Types of force
There are two types of muscle forces: isometric and isotonic.
1-The isometric force is the force that is exerted by the tension of the muscles and that is characterized by being static.
For example, if we apply pressure to a wall, our muscles will tense but the wall will not move. Although no effect on the wall is observed, the muscles will consume energy and tone.
2-The isotonic force is the one that occurs when the muscles are activated and produce the displacement of another object. Some examples of these are when we lift a weight or when we push a box.
2- Speed
Speed is understood as the ability of the body to react to an external stimulus, to perform a rapid movement or to move quickly.
There are several factors that go into speed. For starters, a person's strength and muscle tone can increase speed.
Another important aspect is the reaction of the muscles to nervous stimuli. Finally, coordination makes movements more precise and, in the long run, faster as well.
Speed can be trained with exercises of short duration but that are repetitive. In this way, the variation in speed will be observed in each repetition.
Types of speed
There are three types of speed: reaction speed, muscle contraction speed, and movement speed.
1-The speed of reaction refers to the speed with which the muscles act once they have received an external stimulus.
For example, at the start of a race it is said "ready, set, go", a salvo is fired or a flag is moved to indicate to the participants that they must begin to move.
Reaction speed intervenes when the individual receives this external signal and moves as quickly as possible.
The reaction rate is subdivided into two types: simple and complex. The simple occurs when the individual reacts to a known stimulus, while the complex occurs when the individual acts to an unknown stimulus.
2-The speed of muscle contraction refers to the ability to flex and extend the muscles quickly. An example of these is doing as many sit-ups as possible in one minute.
3-The displacement speed is the best known of the three speeds. This refers to the ability to cover a certain distance in the shortest possible time. Running the 100 m or the 400 m flat are tests of travel speed.
3- Resistance
Endurance is the ability of the human being to withstand the condition of fatigue generated by physical activity. Likewise, endurance involves maintaining effort for a finished time.
Generally speaking, endurance depends on how used an individual's muscles are to certain activities.
For example, if an untrained individual tries to run a marathon, it is very possible that he will not be able to complete the 42 kilometers of running.
Endurance can be developed by lifting weights and holding them there for a few seconds. Over time, the duration of this exercise increases.
Another way to improve endurance is to jog or run longer or shorter stretches. Gradually the extension should be increased.
4- Flexibility
Flexibility is the body's ability to extend a joint. During childhood, the body is very flexible and this quality is lost over the years.
For this reason, it is necessary to perform exercises for the extension and elongation of the joints.
Flexibility is developed with stretching routines. Some exercises for this purpose are:
1-Stand up and touch the tips of the toes without bending the knees.
2-Sit with the legs extended and try to touch the knee with the head.
Types of flexibility
There are two types of flexibility: active and passive.
1-Active flexibility occurs when the human being extends the joints as a result of an internal stimulus, that is, of his own free will.
2-Passive flexibility occurs when the human being extends the joints with the help of external forces (another person, weights, springs, among others).
In general, the range of extension achieved with passive flexibility is greater than that achieved with active flexibility.
References
- Fitness Components in Sports. Retrieved on September 6, 2017, from sports-training-adviser.com
- Physical Activity and Physical Education. Retrieved on September 6, 2017, from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Peak height velocity. Retrieved on September 6, 2017, from footballscience.net
- Biology of Sport (1989). Retrieved on September 6, 2017, from books.google.com
- Basic Speed Workout for Runnings. Retrieved on September 6, 2017, from runner.competitor.com
- Proper training for long-distance running. Retrieved on September 6, 2017, from livestrong.com
- Running 101. Retrieved on September 6, 2017, from fitnessmagazine.com