The permanent migration is referred to the emigrant leaves its place of origin to another, ultimately and permanently. Today there are around 240 million migrants in the world.
Migrations were present from the beginning of History. Because of the great empires, colonies were established.
Also taken into account are those that took place from the 16th to the 20th centuries, which led to large displacements, reinforced by the Industrial Revolution.
Permanent migrations reached their peak between 1880 and 1914, when millions of Europeans emigrated across the continent. Others crossed the Atlantic Ocean, towards the American continent.
The reasons were varied: revolutions, natural catastrophes, political or religious persecutions, pogroms (persecution of the Jews as an ethnic group) and the overpopulation of the camps, among other reasons.
Also the demand for resources that came from the New World, (as they called America), made millions of Europeans emigrate permanently.
Thus, more than 40% of the Swedes emigrated from their country, and between 1900 and 1910, 10% of the Italians left their nation permanently. The United States, Argentina and Venezuela were the main destinations of this European emigration.
Migrations today
Currently the migratory process involves the entire planet, and this is the reason why many countries put a stop to these movements.
In particular, the United States and Europe established immigration rules to stop the constant flow.
In many cases, walls are built to stop the entry of migrants from neighboring countries. Such are the cases of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, India and Bangladesh, and Botswana and Zimbabwe.
These controls often promote real human rights violations: people killed at the borders or deaths inside a container, as happened with citizens of Chinese origin in the London port.
Causes that cause migrations
The political causes derive from the crises that can occur in some countries. Dissident groups are sometimes persecuted and forced into exile.
Socio-economic causes are essentially the main reasons why migratory movements take place. The vast majority of migrants go in search of a better standard of living and a better economic level.
Migrations for military reasons or other armed conflicts are also called forced migrations.
They have been, and continue to be, the origin of large massive displacements of entire populations, such as occurred during the Second World War, with the great European migration to the Americas or the Jewish diaspora to Israel.
Major catastrophes are also one of the causes of forced migration. The effect of major earthquakes, floods or prolonged droughts, hurricanes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions have caused massive movements of human beings.
Population growth and the constant occupation of dangerous areas, in geological terms, can also cause migration.
However, not all migrations occur to another country. Internal migrations often take place, in search of a better quality of life or a safer area to live in.
References
- "Human Migration" in Wikipedia. Retrieved in September 2017 from Wikipedia at: es.wikipedia.org
- «What is Migration» in Meanings. Recovered in September 2017 from Meanings at: meanings.com
- «Types of migration» in More Types of. Recovered in September 2017 from More Types of in: mastiposde.com
- "Migration, a phenomenon in permanent evolution" in El Telégrafo (April 2013). Recovered in September 2017 from El Telégrafo in: eltelegrafo.com.ec
- «Permanent and temporary migrations. Adaptation, repositioning and transformation strategies in the territory. Case studies in different contexts: La Plata and Ensenada »in Academic Memory (November 2009). Recovered in September 2017 from the Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences in: memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar