NEOLOGISM: CONCEPT, TYPES AND EXAMPLES - DUDAS - 2024

A neologism is a word, word, term or expression that is introduced or created in a certain language. They are born from the need to express a new concept of reality, such as "bitcoin", "clicking", "selfie" or "emoji".

The dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) defines it as "a word, a meaning or a new twist that is accepted within a specific language." This resource is characterized by the way it is born or is formed, and can originate, for example, by adapting terms from other languages ​​or by linking words that already have life in a language.

A neologism is a word, word, term or expression that is introduced or created in a certain language. Source: lifeder.com.

Technology, science and communications are the main creators of neologisms. It is necessary to bear in mind that these cease to be a new twist on a language after a certain time of use (ten years) or when the Academy normalizes its usefulness by adding it to the dictionary.

For example, "anesthesia" or "radar" were neologisms from other times, being fully accepted in our vocabulary. While terms such as "postureo", "crush", "frappe", "escrache" or "post-truth" are recent neologisms.

Concept

As defined at the beginning, a neologism is any word that appears in a certain language to fill a gap or give a name to a new concept. It also originates to respond to the linguistic needs of a certain group or an idea, as long as the language allows it.

In the words of Andreína Adelstein, a researcher at the Human Development Institute of the UNGS, «this resource allows us to modify and energize the language in which it is applied, and its novel character has a specific period of ten years, as agreed by the academics of language".

Etymologically the term neologism is derived from the Greek language. It is made up of neo which means "new" and a logo which is "word". Hence, the word is translated as "new word" or more broadly as "a word that describes an innovative or recent object, situation or action within a language."

Types of neologisms

The neologisms are given as follows:

Neologisms of form

This type of neologism originates from the morphological transformations of words or words that are already in the language. Example: photojournalism, social christian, liberal democrat or popemobile.

Semantic neologisms

In this case, it refers to words that, although they are already part of a language, are taken in the same language with another meaning or sense to designate elements or aspects of other areas. Example: search engine, viral, parquet or virus.

Stylistic neologisms

Stylistic neologisms are those words that are applied to give a more sensitive and positive tone to an expression or term in relation to those that are commonly used. Otherwise, they are words that are destined to change the perception of things. Example: deceased, dark, blind or gig.

Functional neologisms

This classification of neologisms is related to the need to add words to a language because there is no other way to designate a particular object or situation. Foreign words fall into this classification. In general, these types of terms allow communication to be more dynamic. Example: kilo, giraffe, caterpillar or fireproof.

Social neologisms

These keep are related to all those words that describe or define some aspects related to society, to the moral and cultural actions of man. Example: committee, strike, assembly or collective agreement.

Technological neologisms

This type of neologism is related to the twists that some words produce in the fields of technology and science. They almost always come from other languages, in the case of Spanish from English. This classification is one of the most used today. Example: scanner, server, selfie or cyberspace.

Word creation tools

A neologism can be formed through various tools. The most common are defined below:

Composition

It refers to the formation of words through the combination of two or more terms that already exist within a language. The union of words produces new meanings, and therefore expands the lexicon. Example: Latin + America = Latin America.

Derivation

The words that are created through this resource are those to which a prefix or a suffix is ​​added to the base term. Example: tele-objective.

Parasynthesis

It refers to the words that are born through the sum of a derivation and composition. Example: by + god + ero = beggar.

Acronymy

Words by acronym are born from the union of the initials of several terms, which in turn simplify communication. Example: UN: United Nations Organization.

Examples of neologisms

By the "A"

Abracadabrante, antivirus, almóndiga, asín, amigovio, schedule, roll up the sleeves, audiology, audiologist, autologous, audiobook, amusia, antagonize, aporophobia, asana, ataché, astroturfing, aporophobia.

By the "B"

Binge, Bitcoin, blogosphere, blogger, bookcrossing, booktrailer, good-natured, good-looking, double-stranded, biocide, bioenergy, bizarre, brainstorming, bumout, bullyng, balconing, barista, bartender, biodiverse, bazuraleza, barbie.

By the "C"

Click, cyberspace, chat, give in, conflict, caraanchoa, culamen, gossip, chakra, heated, heat, click, click, composter, compost, compost, composter, compost, container.

Continentality, firefighting, cracker, cubing, cupular, cosplay, crossplay, crowdfunding, customize, cheater, cyberbullyng, cookie, cybernaut, cyuredan, computerism, worldview, counter electrode, canofilia, coach, coaching, crossfit, crypto, cash, school, comfort.

By the "D"

Diagrammer, dyskinesia, dispersant, desalter, hard disk, floppy disk, dischange,

By the "E"

Spanglish, euroscepticism, scan, emoticon, escrache, speciesism, speciesist, electrolinera, electroactive, empowered.

By the "F"

Fake, furry fanboy, flashmob, follower, fracking, frikada, freak, finde, fleet, feminazi, fair play.

By the "G"

Gestalt, gestalt, guasapear, gamer, geek, google, gosu, glocal, whiskey.

By the "H"

Hypertext, hypertext, hangout, hashtag, hipster, hoax, hacker, halal, hummus, hardware, hentai, holter, hypertext, homebanking.

By the "I"

Impatriate, icon, interface, interoperability, start, printed, iros, interface, imaffront.

By the "K"

Kameko, kedada.

By the "L"

Lideresa, latinlover, lick, linuxero, lol.

By the "M"

Single-chain, murano, municasino, single-chain, manga, mangaka, maquero, meme, mobbing, metared, motochorro, multi-area, multimedia, modem, migrate, moderator, millennial.

By the "N"

Browsers, navigation, navigator, node, chigger, note, nerd, nomophobia, cloud, networking, network, number, nomophobia, browser.

By the "O"

UFO, Oenege.

By the "P"

Word, papichulo, papahuevos, teacher, profa, posture, joint, post-truth, phablet, phubbing, planking, procrastination, pub crawl, preemptive, protocol, praxis, protonated, SME, promo.

By the "R"

Raggee, relocate, mouse.

By"

Smartphone, spam, spoiler, startup, streaking, streaming, server, selfie, HIV positive, sudoku, software, supported, showrooming, sommelier, shopping, shibari, showman, stalking, superhighway, sharia, starup.

For the T"

Trick, texting, toballa, tweet, taper, timeline, trekkie, trekking, trending topic, transgender, trap.

By the "U"

Umma.

By the "V"

Vending, viral, tramp, vaping, viralizing, vitrinear, vintage.

By the "W"

Workaholic, wearable, whatsap, wifi, wiki, webgraphy.

References

1. (2019). Spain: Wikipedia. Recovered from: es.wikipedia.org.
2. Meaning of neologism. (2018). (N / A): Meanings. Recovered from: significados.com.
3. 20 examples of neologisms. (2019). Colombia: Examples. Recovered from: examples.co.
4. Calderón, G. (2019). (N / A): Euston 96. Recovered from: euston96.com.
5. Pimat, J. (2016). Types of neologisms. (N / A): How to Write Well. Recovered from: comoesificarbien.com.