- The levels of the language
- - Substandard level
- Popular language
- Vulgar language
- - Standard level
- - Colloquial level
- - Super standard level
- Cult level
- Scientific-technical level
- References
The levels of the language are the registers used to speak or write, to suit the circumstances or the speaker: popular, colloquial, formal, vulgar and cultured. These levels are closely related to the communicational situation and the level of instruction that the speaker or writer has.
If reference is made to the communication situation, it must be clarified whether it is an oral or written communication; since the requirements differ in both cases. But it is also about clarifying if you are facing a formal situation: a class, a medical consultation, a conference, a talk with friends, a discussion, etc.
Language is a system formed by signs and symbols that serve for communication between members of a species. Within a language there may be different languages and / or dialects. In fact, in the world almost 6 thousand different languages are spoken, including the original or aboriginal languages.
The different levels are characterized by the use of certain pronunciations, grammatical constructions and words.
It should also be noted that a speaker of one of the language levels can include speech features of another level in their way of speaking, in certain communication situations.
The levels of the language
- Substandard level
At this level of the language there are two sub-levels that are ways of speaking in which there is no interest in the correct use of words.
Popular language
Popular language is generally used by normal people who communicate on topics of daily life. It involves a degree of relaxation on the colloquial level.
It is estimated that it includes some 2,000 words of common use and another 5,000 that are hardly used but that are understood. It is characterized by:
- Abundance of adjectives.
- Emphasize inaccurate amounts (very many) or exaggerations (hotter than in an oven).
- Use of metaphors (she fell exhausted last night).
- Abundance of incomplete sentences (if you only knew…).
- Frequent use of sayings and proverbs.
- The appellative function of language predominates.
Vulgar language
It is the language used by people with a low level of education or with little vocabulary. For this reason, gestures are used to complement the meaning of the message.
It is a type of language that does not adapt to situations. It is a very common jargon, or type of language limited to certain professions, trades, sports, etc.
It is characterized by:
- Disconnection from the communication situation.
- Abuse of local or regional expressions.
- Use of short sentences.
- Filler abuse.
- Use of incorrect or incomplete words.
- Inversion of personal pronouns.
- Use of obscenities to describe most situations.
- Absence of a logical order.
- Use of vulgarisms and barbarisms.
- Abundance of phonetic, syntactic and lexical errors.
- Standard level
When speaking of a standard level, one speaks of a dialect that is used in a certain territory. One way of speaking and writing is conceived as correct, and other ways of doing it are rejected.
It is a language common to many individuals, but with specific spelling rules.
- Colloquial level
It is a level of language that is used in environments of great trust for the speaker such as in their family, community or close friends environment.
It is the level most spoken by people in the world, regardless of their language. In colloquial language phonetics is relaxed and syntax is less careful.
It is characterized by:
- It is in common and regular use in the daily life of most people.
- It is spontaneous.
- It admits some inaccuracies.
- It is full of emotional, sensitive and expressive expressions.
- Includes interjections and set phrases.
- Use of repetitions.
- Use of diminutives, augmentatives and derogatory ones.
- Supports improvisations
- It is ephemeral.
- Super standard level
It is a level that is not common for many speakers. The cultured, technical and scientific languages are subdivided:
Cult level
The cultured level of language is one with much attachment to the grammatical and phonetic norms of a language.
It is normally spoken by the most educated people in society or in situations of such a formal nature that it does not admit errors, such as a master class or a conference, for example.
This language gives cohesion and unity to a language. It is normal to find this type of language in scientific, humanistic and literary works.
It is characterized by:
- Rich vocabulary.
- Precision.
- Clear diction and moderate intonation.
- Logical order of ideas.
- Adequate and precise verb tenses.
- Abundance of cultisms (words in Greek or Latin).
- Pronunciation in oral language is taken care of.
- The syntax and grammar are flawless.
Scientific-technical level
It is a language used to speak or write in a specific field of science or culture.
It responds to the demands of each scientific discipline and its use is a convention. Its features are defined by usage and based on lexicon.
Its fundamental characteristic is that it is shared by the community that uses it, almost exclusively. However, some terms become popular.
It is also characterized by:
- To be objective.
- To be precise.
- Have logical order.
- Appeal to the referential function of language.
- Have your own symbol system.
- Use of Hellenisms, Anglicisms and acronyms.
References
- ABC (2008). The levels of language. Recovered from: abc.com.py
- Research Library (s / f). Types of language. Recovered from: Bibliotecadeinvestigaciones.wordpress.com
- Carmagnola, Gladys (2009). The levels of the language. Recovered from: abc.com.py
- Coaguila, Gabriela (2006). Levels of use of the language. Recovered from: mailxmail.com
- Encyclopedia of tasks (2010). Language levels in communication. Recovered from: encyclopediadetareas.net
- Gómez, Cristian (2015). Language levels. Recovered from: laacademia.com.br
- Pérez, Ana María (2013). Language levels. Recovered from: psique0201.blogspot.com