- Arrival of the Spaniards
- Clashes between indigenous and Spanish
- Period of independence
- Creation of the department
- References
The history of San Martín, department of Peru, formally began on September 4, 1906, when the department was created by order of the National Congress and the President of the Republic, according to Law No. 201.
However, centuries before, with the arrival in its territory of the first Spanish conquerors, San Martín began a long historical process of political, economic and social formation.
Initially, San Martín belonged to the extensive department of Loreto. But later, at the initiative of Senators Joaquín Capelo and Juan M. Loli, the Congress of the Republic was asked to create this department, located in the Peruvian Amazon.
Arrival of the Spaniards
It was during the first exploratory expeditions to the Amazon, led by the Spanish conqueror Alonso Alvarado in 1539, when the first historical references to this territory were had.
The territory of San Martín acquired relevance after the founding in 1540 of the city of Santiago de los Ocho Valles de Moyobamba, by Juan Pérez de Guevara.
This was the first Spanish city founded in the jungle, which would serve as the expeditionary headquarters.
From there the first Spanish advance and conquerors organized the reconnaissance expeditions, known as 'entries', and the evangelizing missions.
On October 10, 1656, the city of Lamas was founded, which received the name "Ciudad del Triunfo de la Santísima Cruz de los Motilones".
Then, in 1782, the city of Taparoco, current capital of the province of San Martín, was founded. Its name was taken from a palm tree that grows in that area.
The founding of Taparoco corresponded to the Bishop of Trujillo, Baltazar Jaime Martínez de Compañón.
Clashes between indigenous and Spanish
The incursions of the Spanish into this territory were not peaceful. For several decades, the indigenous resistance faced Spanish troops, who founded cities and continued the eager search for El Dorado.
In 1637, the Indians of Lamas and Tabalosos rose up against colonial tyranny, resulting in the almost total annihilation of the native communities, which fought against the Spanish for a year.
In 1660, new outbreaks of violence broke out between natives and Spaniards, which ended with the expulsion of the Jesuit priests and the Spaniards from Bajo Huallaga.
Period of independence
In the process of emancipation, the Spanish captain José Gaspar López Salcedo, founded on September 24, 1827 the city of Juanjui, current capital of the province of Mariscal Cáceres. The name of the city derives from 'Juan Huido'.
During this period, important battles were fought in this region in favor of the independence cause, the most outstanding being the Battle of Tambo del Visitor on September 12, 1822, the "Battle of Rioja" on September 13, 1822 and the ' Battle of Havana 'on September 23, 1822.
Creation of the department
On August 14, 1901, Senators Joaquín Capelo and Juan M. Loli, acting on behalf of the departments of Loreto and Áncash, respectively, presented for the consideration of the Congress of the Republic the bill for the creation of the department of San Martín.
The department received its name in memory of the Liberator, José de San Martín. Until then this territory had belonged to the department of Loreto.
Thus, on September 4, 1906, without further discussion and through Law No. 201, the National Congress and the President of the Republic, José Simón Pardo y Barreda, approved the creation of the department of San Martín, whose capital would be Moyobamba.
References
- Creation of the department of San Martín. Retrieved on November 24 from deperu.com
- Monograph of the Department of San Martín. Consulted of books.google.co.ve
- Law 00201 - Creation of the Department of San Martin. (PDF) Consulted of mpsm.gob.pe
- History of the San Martín region. Consulted of turismosanmartin.gob.pe
- Tarapoto. Consulted of tarapoto.com
- Department of San Martín. Consulted of es.wikipedia.org.