The history of Huánuco, capital city of the department of the same name in Peru, begins with the arrival of the Spanish, who founded it on August 15, 1539 with the name of Huánuco de los Caballeros.
In this important city, a vast intellectual movement was consolidated and it was one of the bastions of the emancipatory struggle in Peru, at the beginning of the 19th century.
On December 15, 1820, the first oath of independence took place, after several uprisings in the towns of Huallanca, Huamalpies and Ambo; and between the years 1836 and 1839 the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation War took place.
Founding of the city
After the Cajamarca massacre and the capture of Atahualpa on November 16, 1532, the conqueror of Peru Francisco Pizarro sent his emissaries throughout the Inca empire to ask for gold and silver in exchange for their ransom.
Hernando Pizarro, Francisco's brother, led the expedition made up of about 25 men to explore the territory. He finally reached Huanuco soil in March 1532.
The Inca armies faced the Spanish conquerors to avoid being deprived of their territories and enslaved.
The most important rebellion against the Spanish in Huánuco, was led by the Inca warrior Illa Túpac, captain of Manco Inca.
Pizarro then sent the conqueror Pedro Gómez de Alvarado y Contreras to Huánuco with the mission of reducing Inca resistance and founding a city in that region.
After several confrontations with the indigenous people, the city of Huánuco was founded by Gómez de Alvarado on August 15, 1539, in the territory currently occupied by the Dos de Mayo province.
But the city was moved a year later to the valley of the Huallaga river, due to the permanent attacks of the Incas.
Colonial Period
As a request from the neighbors to the Spanish authorities, the city was granted a noble coat of arms and a coat of arms. And later, it received the title of: "The Very Noble and Very Loyal City of Huánuco de los Caballeros."
In this way, the city was recognized for the services rendered to the Spanish Kingdom by the Huanuco noblemen, who fought and defeated the tyrant Francisco Hernández Girón.
During the colonial period, the form of administrative organization and the property structure was through the encomiendas, the corregimientos, and the intendencies.
Period of independence
Indigenous resistance continued and increased during the Colony, due to the abuse and exploitation of the native Huanuqueños by the Spanish.
There were several uprisings such as that of the Indians of Baños and Jesús in 1732, who refused to pay the excessive taxes charged by the Spanish authorities.
Then, in 1777, the uprising occurred in the city of Espíritu Santo de Llata against the Huamalíes township, due to the tyranny exercised by the magistrates Francisco Salas y Villela and Ignacio de Santiago y Ulloa.
Despite the fact that the uprising was put down and the indigenous people arrested and sentenced to death, imprisonment and exile, the uprisings continued until the so-called Huánuco Revolution of 1812, in which Huamalíes Indians and mestizos participated.
In the independence struggle, in addition to the indigenous people, clergymen, Creoles and mestizos participated. Among the most prominent precursors of the emancipation of Huánuco are: Juan José Crespo y Castillo as political-military leader of the revolution, Manuel Beraún, Gregorio Espinoza, Antonio Flores, Fray Durán Martel, Juan José Crespo y Castillo, Norberto Haro and José Rodriguez.
Republican period
The Peru Bolivian Confederation occurred between the period 1836 - 1839, is the most outstanding moment in the history of Huánuco. The main events of the republican era of Huánuco being the following:
-1865 Colonel Mariano Ignacio Prado, a native of Huánuco, leads the Arequipa revolution to restore national honor and against the Vivanco - Pareja Treaty.
- 1876 Prado is elected Constitutional President of the Republic and assumes command on August 2, 1879 amid the economic crisis in the country and the declaration of war between Chile and Peru and Bolivia.
- 1883. In August of this year the indigenous guerrillas fought the Chilean troops in the descent of the Jactay hill.
References
- History of Huánuco. Retrieved on November 23, 2017 from webhuanuco.com
- Archaeological Site of Huánuco Marka. Consulted of deperu.com
- Olortegui, Pavel (1999). Huánuco: treasure of Peru. Editorial background.
- Foundation of the city of Huánuco. Consulted of deperu.com
- Huánuco. Consulted of es.wikipedia.org
- Historical review of Huánuco. Consulted of huanuco.com