ADOLFO DE LA HUERTA MARCOR: BIOGRAPHY AND GOVERNMENT - HISTORY - 2024

Adolfo de la Huerta Marcor (1881-1955) was a key figure in the Mexican Revolution, an armed movement that began in 1910 with the aim of ending the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. The promulgation of the new Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917 officially ended the conflict.

This Magna Carta was the first in the world to recognize social guarantees and collective labor rights. Starting in 1908, Adolfo de la Huerta Marcor joined the fight against the presidency of Porfirio Díaz. This struggle paid off with the resignation of Díaz in 1911.

In 1913 he held a position in the Ministry of the Interior. Later, De la Huerta became provisional governor and senator in Sonora. He was consul general of Mexico in New York and later constitutional governor of Sonora. In 1920 Congress named him interim president.

He held this position from June 10 to November 30 of that same year. During those few months he tried unsuccessfully to reorganize the country's finances. He became embroiled in political conspiracies and ended up in exile in Los Angeles, California. He later returned to Mexico and held various positions in the government bureaucracy.

Early years

Felipe Adolfo de la Huerta Marcor was born on May 26, 1881 in Guaymas, Sonora. His father was called Torcuato de la Huerta and he was a merchant, his mother was called Carmen Marcor. De la Huerta grew up as one of the few from Sonora with a secondary education.

Studies

He studied at the National Preparatory School in Mexico City. This was one of the benefits of belonging to the middle class. De la Huerta took advantage of her time there, studied accounting, violin, and singing. He had a very good tenor voice.

He had to abruptly end his studies due to the death of his father, having to return to Guaymas. He found work as an accountant for a local bank and later as a manager at a tannery, although he also found time to develop his artistic talents.

Political concerns

The propaganda of the Mexican Liberal Party (PLM) aroused De la Huerta's political interest. In 1909 he supported the failed presidential candidacy of Bernardo Reyes. Later he supported Francisco I. Madero in his campaign to overthrow the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. Later he was part of the reception committee that welcomed Madero in Guaymas.

During the 1910 Revolution, de la Huerta presided over the Revolutionary Party of Sonora. After Madero's victory, he was elected a local representative in the state legislature and participated in the fight against the Orozquista rebels.

After the coup against Madero, he organized the opposition to the coup leader Victoriano Huerta. Once defeated, De la Huerta was appointed chief of staff in the Ministry of the Interior. In August 1915 he was promoted to secretary of the interior and in May 1916 he assumed the position of interim governor of Sonora.

Sonora Governorate

During his tenure as interim governor, De la Huerta implemented a series of important social reforms. He tried to negotiate peace agreements with the Yaqui Indians and issued decrees against Chinese immigrants in Sonora.

One of his most important reforms was the establishment of a state "chamber of workers." It represented workers and mediated labor disputes.

At the end of his term, De la Huerta handed over the governorship to General Plutarco Elías Calles and returned to Mexico City as chief of staff of the Ministry of the Interior. He later served as consul general in New York.

In 1919 he was appointed official governor of Sonora. The good impression he had had as interim governor helped him win the elections easily. In June 1919, Álvaro Obregón from Sonora was named a presidential candidate. Carranza's opposition to his candidacy hurt the people of Sonora.

Carranza was one of the many caudillos who forcibly occupied the head of government during the revolutionary period. The government of Sonora severed relations with the federal government in April 1920.

Acting President

De la Huerta organized the rebellion against Carranza announced in the Agua Prieta Plan on April 23, 1920. After Carranza's defeat and death, Congress named Adolfo de la Huerta Marcor acting president on June 1, 1920. He held that office. position until November 30, 1920 when he handed over power to Álvaro Obregón.

Exile and death

During Obregón's government, De la Huerta was appointed Secretary of the Treasury. He then resigned to be a presidential candidate. There were many conflicting political interests and de la Huerta led a rebellion against the government. This failed and many of the generals who had supported the rebellion were executed, but de la Huerta and other members of the civilian leadership were able to escape to the United States.

De la Huerta spent most of his exile in Los Angeles, where he earned a living as a singing instructor. In 1935, President Lázaro Cárdenas granted him an amnesty, appointing him inspector general of the Mexican Consulates in the United States.

Later he held the position of general director of the Civil Retirement Pensions. He died in Mexico City on July 9, 1955.

Interim government

De la Huerta traveled from Sonora to Mexico City to assume the presidency on July 1. The greatest achievement of the Huerta administration was to achieve the pacification of Mexico after almost a decade of civil war.

He was able to convince the rebels to lay down their arms, some were integrated into the new government and others retired to private life. Only Félix Díaz was forced into exile.

In this sense, De la Huerta's style of government was conciliatory and presided over a true educational revolution. It was a period of work tension, but he was able to contain the conflicts. His biggest problem was the refusal of the United States to recognize his government.

Negotiation with Pancho Villa

Many of the former rebels reached peace agreements with the new government. However, negotiations between the government and Villa were difficult. Obregón had offered a bounty on Villa's head.

As a result, Villa's forces marched across a 790 km desert from Chihuahua to Coahuila. There, Villa seized the city of Sabinas.

To the surprise, de la Huerta decided to offer Villa more generous peace terms. They finally reached an agreement on July 28, 1920, according to which Villa agreed to demobilize his remaining 759 soldiers in exchange for pay and land. This agreement marked the end of the revolution.

In the following presidential elections, Pablo González withdrew his candidacy, leaving the field free for Obregón, who was elected president and took office on December 1, 1920.

References

1. Vázquez Gómez, J, (1997). Dictionary of Mexican Rulers, 1325-1997. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group.
2. Jalisco State Congress. (s / f). Mexican Revolution. Taken from congresoweb.congresojal.gob.mx.
3. Matute, A. (2001). De la Huerta, Adolfo (1881-1955). In M. Werner (editor), Concise Encyclopedia of Mexico, pp. 163-165. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
4. Dixon, J. and Sarkees, MR (2015). A Guide to Intra-state Wars. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
5. Buchenau, J. (2011). The Sonoran Dynasty and the Reconstruction of the Mexican State. In WH Beezley (editor), A Companion to Mexican History and Culture. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.
6. Presidency of the Republic. (2013, July 09). Adolfo de la Huerta Marcor (1881-1955). Taken from gob.mx.