10 EXAMPLES OF IONIZATION - CHEMISTRY - 2024

Ionization is a process in which particles or elements are left with a very definite charge, positive or negative, either due to a lack or excess of electrons, respectively.

Ionization in substances can be done through physical and chemical processes. Chemical processes are mainly reactions where acidic, basic, neutral substances and a transfer medium, normally aqueous, are involved.

Water dissociation

The physical processes to ionize are based on electromagnetic waves and the different wavelengths with which they can be worked.

The other and the most common option is electrolysis, which consists of applying an electric current with which separation can occur.

Outstanding examples of ionization

1. Calcium nitride (Ca3N2)

This substance can dissociate into three calcium atoms with a positive charge of two and two nitrogen atoms with a negative charge of three.

It is a clear example of a dissociation of a non-metal (nitrogen) with a metal (calcium).

2. Solvation

Solvation is an ionization process that happens with water.

When two molecules that form hydrogen bonds meet, they can dissociate and form a hydronium ion (H3O) with a positive charge and a hydroxide ion (OH) with a negative charge.

3.

Titanium sulfide is a compound made up of a metal and a nonmetal.

When ionized, they separate, resulting in two titanium atoms with a positive valence of three and three sulfur atoms with a negative valence of two.

Four.

Water -H2O- can separate and dissociate into a negatively charged hydroxide (OH) and a positively charged proton (H).

Analytical chemistry studies rely on this property to study the balance between acids, bases, study reactions, and more.

5.

This compound decomposes and forms two indium atoms with a positive charge of three.

6. Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

In this ionization, a calcium atom is produced with a valence equal to two positive and two chlorine atoms with a valence minus two.

7. Ionization by electrons

This method is a function of the wavelength of the particles.

When a current is applied large enough to equal the energy of the last orbit of an electron, it is detached and transferred to another particle, thus leaving two ionized products.

8.

Free radicals are generated when certain types of molecules are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays.

The energy of the rays breaks the bond between them and two very unstable ionized molecules known as free radicals are formed.

An example of free radicals occurs when UV rays break the bonds of molecular oxygen (O2) and leave oxygen atoms with a missing electron in their valence shell.

These atoms can react with other oxygen atoms to form ozone (O3).

9.

Better known as table salt, it is formed from two ions; one non-metallic (chlorine) and the other metallic (sodium).

They have completely opposite charges; chlorine has a very negative charge and sodium is very positive. This can also be seen in the distribution of the periodic table.

10.

They happen when there is an excess of protons. An example is if we have a CH3 molecule as a free radical and methane (CH4). Mixing forms C2H5 and diatomic hydrogen as a gas.

References

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3. Vertes, A., Adams, F., & Gijbels, R. (1993). Laser ionization mass analysis. New York: Wiley & Sons.
4. Sharma, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Adhikari, K., & Sinha, D. (2015). Spectroscopic constants relating to ionization from the strongest bonding and inner valence molecular orbital 2.sub.g of N.sub.2: An EIP-VUMRCC search. Chemical Physics Letters, 634, 88. doi: 10.1016 / j.cplett.2015.05.032
5. Trimpin, S. (2016). "Magic" ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 27 (1), 4-21. doi: 10.1007 / s13361-015-1253-4
6. Hu, B., So, P., Chen, H., & Yao, Z. (2011). Electrospray ionization using wooden tips. Analytical Chemistry, 83 (21), 8201-8207. doi: 10.1021 / ac2017713