- Examples of processed materials
- Paper
- Glass
- Steel
- Leather
- Adobe bricks
- Cloth
- Nylon
- Concrete or concrete
- PVC
- References
The processed materials are those that have undergone some processing and that are used in the manufacture of other products. These are distinguished from both the raw material concept and the component definition.
Unlike the first, its natural state has undergone some kind of modification. Nor do they retain their identity in the finished product, as is the case with the components.
Paper is made from trees
At the beginning of the 19th century the basic machines for forming, shaping and cutting were developed, mainly in England.
Since then, material processing methods, techniques, and machinery have grown in both variety and number.
Examples of processed materials
Paper
The paper is made from pulp with various additives to control the physical characteristics, printability and aesthetics of the finished product.
Today, most paper is made from wood pulp (mostly spruce or pine). However, cotton, linen, straw, bamboo and hemp fibers can be used.
Glass
Another example of processed materials is bronze. This material is an alloy of copper and tin stronger than either of its two components.
Their discovery had such a great effect on history that the time period in which they were first used became known as the Bronze Age.
Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. This is also mixed with other elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium and vanadium (special steel alloys), but the majority partner in the mixture is always carbon. This alloy is one of the most widely used processed materials.
Leather
This material is made from large and small animal skins. The use of animal skins is one of the oldest technologies of man, perhaps even before the manufacture of tools. Therefore, it is also one of the oldest processed materials.
Adobe bricks
These processed materials are made by mixing soil with water, placing the mixture in molds, and drying the bricks in the open air.
Straw or other stress-bearing fibers are added to help reduce cracking.
Cloth
The fabric is made of interlaced threads. These threads, in turn, are made with natural fiber and, in some cases, also with synthetic fibers. On the other hand, the most used fibers are cotton, wool, linen and silk.
Nylon
Nylon is produced through a process called polymerization, in which water is a key ingredient. In addition, amine, hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid are used, all chemicals.
These produce a chain of molecules, similar to the structure of nylon, which are held together by hydrogen atoms.
Concrete or concrete
Normal concrete is made of fine sand and regular aggregates such as crushed stone or gravel, in addition to water.
The mix may have other added extras. For example, the ancient Romans added lard, blood, milk, and other materials to make concrete more workable.
PVC
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a solid, odorless white plastic that is widely used in construction.
This popular thermoplastic contains high levels of chlorine, up to 57%. Coal is also used in its manufacture.
References
- Lamb, CW; Hair, JF and McDaniel, C. (2011). Essentials of Marketing. Ohio: Cengage Learning.
- Materials processing. (2016, October 14,). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on October 7, 2017, from britannica.com.
- How is paper made? (s / f) California State University. Retrieved on October 7, 2017, from www.csun.edu.
- Babowice, H. (2012, June 11). Extremely high heat needed to turn sand into glass. In Daily Herald. Retrieved on October 7, 2017, from dailyherald.com.
- Wills, G. (2013). Collecting Copper and Brass. Worcestershire: Read Books Ltd.
- Stoddard, BC (2015). Steel: From Mine to Mill, the Metal that Made America. Minneapolis: Zenith Press.
- Covington, AD (2015). Tanning Chemistry: The Science of Leather. Philadelphia: RSC Publishing.
- Downton, P. (2013). Mud brick. Australian Government. Retrieved on October 7, 2017, from yourhome.gov.au.
- Cook, JG (). Handbook of Textile Fibers: Natural Fibers.
Cambridge: Goohead Publishing.
- Barker, L. (2017, April 24). Where Does Nylon Come From? Retrieved on October 10, 2017, from sciencing.com.
- Miller, MR; Miller, R. and Leger, E. (2004). Audel Complete Building Construction. New Jersey: Wiley Publishing.
- Johnson, Todd. (2017, April 1). What Is PVC Plastics. Retrieved on October 10, 2017, from thoughtco.com.