WHAT ARE THE POLITICAL COMPONENTS? - CULTURE VOCABULARY - 2024

The political components are the instances that give order to a territory, being made up of the territorial political divisions and the buildings that represent the political power in the territories.

The political components vary substantially from country to country, although the purpose is the same. They are classically defined as the entities that delimit one territory from another and set the norms that the members of a community must abide by.

These components are designed to preserve social order and territorial integrity among nations and states. They derive directly from the French Revolution and this from the philosophy of the Enlightenment.

Prior to the establishment of modern nation states, powers rested on one person, leading to despotism, centralism, and accumulation of power.

With the advent of the theory of the three powers of Montesquieu, new political components are configured.

The primary function of the political components is to mediate the conflicts of the society and to impart justice to preserve order. The political components are made up of agents, institutions, organizations, behaviors, norms and values.

Some examples of political components that exist in almost all countries are the figure of the president, parliament, judges, army and common policies that all follow.

Components in politics

Executive

In most republics there is a president, head of government or prime minister who represents the executive power, he can be democratically elected or not, but he is the head of the country's relations and the main representative of power.

Etymologically it comes from the Latin "exsequitus" which means "relative to continue until the end". The head of the executive branch is the main rector of politics in every country and who must also act in accordance with the law.

In Spain there is a head of government who is the president and a head of state who is the King. In this case, both share the responsibility of avoiding invasions, secessions and internal conflicts together with other powers.

The executive power is a central bastion of the political components, as it guarantees and watches over the management of the state operation on a daily basis.

Legislative

Another essential political component is the parliament, the legislative power is in charge of making the laws that govern nations.

The first antecedents of parliaments occurred in Great Britain in the eleventh century and have been adopted almost unanimously by the whole world.

Also during the Middle Ages a call system was created to consult the most enlightened citizens on public affairs.

But it is not until the so-called "Magna Carta", sanctioned by King John I in 1215, where - for the first time - a monarch is limited by a council.

Currently most of the parliaments represent the will of the population and are not there to limit power, but to make it more transparent and efficient.

Some parliaments are divided into chambers or senates. However, its main function is to repeal, propose, draft, veto and approve laws and legal remedies.

Political institutions

The political institutions are the organisms of the State that do not depend directly on the executive or the legislature, but that have responsibilities in the maintenance of public life.

Some examples of political institutions are ombudsmen, attorneys 'offices, prosecutors' offices, courts and any other institutional form created by States within the framework of sovereignty.

Although the judiciary appears, these institutions transcend it and help create the so-called balance of powers.

In contemporary republics the representatives of these institutions are not appointed by direct vote, but by academic and moral merits.

This choice is made according to meritorious mechanisms in order to prevent political parties from having total control of public life.

Government or public policies

Government policies are in turn the specific actions that are designed mainly by the chief executive, but which must have the approval of the other powers for their execution.

Public policies are the instrument that governs government action. Most of the time, public policies are aimed at solving problems, but deep down they pursue objectives of improving living conditions and optimizing the resources of a territory

Classically it is known that public policies are to attack the main problems, however they are also designed to preserve peace, make the economy grow, improve social conditions of life and preserve the territory.

Political-territorial divisions

The political-territorial divisions go from macro to micro scales on planet earth, the divisions begin on continents and can end in parishes, sectors or communes.

The relationship between political components and political-territorial divisions have not been easy throughout history. Much of the wars have happened due to territorial disputes where the reason of force prevails.

Although today a good part of the territorial conflicts have been resolved, some persist, such as the dispute over the Malvinas, Tibet or the territorial sea of ​​Bolivia. States define their borders in order to protect their territory and avoid conflicts with other States.

The political-territorial divisions are considered political components because they are one of the ways that the States have found to divide the territory and that the criteria for doing so are dialogued based on historical documents, dialogues and consensus.

Armed force

The armed force is the main coercive organ of nations to make order, peace and the integrity of the territory prevail. They are one of the most important political components of a nation.

The military forces of the countries have the function of safeguarding the sovereignty of the nations and intervening in the face of violations of the constitutional order. Some authors point to the armed forces as an independent but discreet power.

The political function of the components of the armed forces is not limited to political partisanship, but rather to ensure order and intervene with force to aim at maintaining the institutionality and other political components of the territory.

References

1. Alguacil Gómez, J. (2006) Local power and democratic participation. Editorial El viejo Topo. Barcelona. Spain.
2. Colomer, J. (2001) Political institutions. Editorial Ariel, SA Barcelona, ​​Spain.
3. Wikipedia collaborators (2017) Legislative Power. Recovered from: wikipedia.org.
4. Pacheco, M. (2009) State and Public Policies. Recovered from: monografias.com.
5. Pasquino, G. (2007) The powers of the heads of government. Publishing Prometheus. Buenos Aires. Argentina.
6. Pérez Porto, J; Merino, M. (20013) Definition of executive power. Recovered from: definicion.de.
7. Kingsley, D. (1945) Reflections on political institutions. Editorial Time to read. Colombia.