THE MOST RELEVANT BIOCLIMATIC ZONES OF COLOMBIA - GEOGRAPHY - 2025

The bioclimatic zones in Colombia have unique conditions of fauna, flora and vegetation, climate and soils. In Colombia the bioclimatic zones are characterized by being well determined.

The geographical location and the atmospheric aspect collaborate so that the country has different types of bioclimatic zones.

The 5 main bioclimatic zones of Colombia

1- tropical rain forest

This type of bioclimate is located at an approximate height of 1000 meters above sea level.

It is located in the region of the Amazon basin and the department of Chocó, specifically in the jungles of Catatumbo.

It is also distributed along the Pacific coast, the eastern slope of the eastern mountain range and the central region of Magdalena.

The representative climate is rainy, you can count on abundant and constant rains during most of the year. The temperature usually exceeds 27 ° C.

The tropical rain forest has an extensive flora. The trees are usually giant sizes, around 50 or 60 meters high.

There are also large lianas, parasitic plants and vines. The fauna has a great diversity of birds, monkeys, turtles and anteaters, in addition to a variety of insects.

The floors are hot, humid and dark. This is because large trees block the entry of light.

2- Tropical mountain

These mountains are located in the Andean region, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and in the central mountain range.

The climate in these mountains is usually determined by altitude. These have a height greater than 3000 meters above sea level and the climatic temperature is between 12 and 17 ° C.

In the fauna there are mainly the tigrillo, the howler monkey, the condor and other species.

3- Tropical savanna

The tropical savannas are located in the eastern plains and in much of the Caribbean region, at an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level.

In the climatic field, the tropical savannah has two defined periods: one corresponds to the rainy season and the other to the dry season.

These times are distributed in periods of six months. The temperature ranges between 24 and 27 ° C.

The flora of these areas is distinguished by dry forests, morichales and pastures. The trees are medium in size, reaching a height of around 10 meters. There is also a great diversity of shrubs and bushes.

Fauna abounds in the tropical savanna. Among the representative species of this area there are alligators, lizards and herons, among other species of birds.

4- Tropical desert

They are found in La Guajira, in Boyacá, in the Candelaria desert and in the Tatacoa desert. This bioclimatic zone has a high temperature that is above 29 ° C.

Rain is extremely scarce, they usually spend 7 months of the year without rain. Although it has high temperatures and little rain, the winds are strong and absorb moisture from the environment.

The flora and fauna of this particular area is scarce due to the climatic conditions. However, plants and animals manage to adapt.

The characteristic plants of tropical deserts are cacti. These reach a height of up to 5 meters and develop roots long enough to have easy access to water.

The animals that inhabit this type of bioclimatic zone are lizards, snakes, spiders, a variety of rodents and eagles.

5- moors

The páramos are found mainly in the Andean region and in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, specifically in the Sumapaz and Chingaza páramos.

It should be noted that these stops are located at approximately 3,000 and 4,500 meters above sea level.

The climate in this area is very cold with strong winds. It has little rain and frequent snowfalls. The upper temperature is 12 ° C and the lower temperature is approximately 6 ° C.

In the fauna there is little diversity due to climatic conditions. Among the inhabiting animals are bears, puma and deer, as well as other small species.

Among the flora, the frailejón stands out. This is the plant that has managed to adapt to low temperatures.

References

1. Ch., OR (1995). Orlando Rangel Ch. Cornell University.
2. Delgado, FA (1977). Economic geography of Colombia. Bogota: Cultural Editions.
3. Flórez, A. (2003). Colombia: evolution of its reliefs and modeling. Bogotá: National Univ. Of Colombia.
4. U., CC (2002). Paramos and High Andean ecosystems of Colombia in hotspot & global climatic tensor condition Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies.
5. National University of Colombia, C. d. (1974). Rains in the humid equatorial Andes climate of Colombia. University of Texas.