The history of Hidalgo, in the state of Mexico, dates back approximately 11,000 years. Various indigenous ethnic groups inhabited its territory, one of the first being the Toltecs, who founded the towns of Tulacingo and Tula de Allende.
Later, in the 14th century, the Mexica settled in the territories of Pachuca and Huejutla.
During the first years of the colonial period in New Spain, the silver mines of Real del Monte and Pachuca were discovered, which attracted more settlements.
In 1810 Hidalgo starred in the first insurgent movements in the country to achieve independence.
Finally, on January 16, 1869, by decree of the Congress of the Union and President Benito Juárez, the state of Hidalgo was officially created, whose capital is Pachuca de Soto.
You may also be interested in the history of the Hidalgo flag or its culture.
Prehispanic period
In the current territory of Hidalgo, various Mesoamerican peoples settled. This was an obligatory step for migrations from the north to settle in the Valley of Mexico.
This is how the Toltecs occupied Xochicoatlán (current Molango) at the beginning of the 7th century and settled in Huejutla and Tollatzingo (Tulancingo). Later they migrated back to Tollan, their capital, present-day Tula territory.
Then the Chichimecas invaded the Toltecs and founded the lordship of Metztitlán; later, the Aztecs settled in Mixquiahuala and founded Tizayuca in the 12th century, later Tepehuacán.
The Aztecs continued their expansion and the entire Hidalgo region was annexed to their empire.
Colonial period
During this period of the Spanish conquest and colonization, a new religion and new social and production relations were imposed on the native peoples of Hidalgo. Thus the hacienda was born as a form of economic organization.
During this period the first friars who arrived with the mission of evangelizing withdrew, and their churches and convents were occupied by Catholic priests.
The greatest boom in the exploitation of silver also takes place in the Plomo Pobre, Pachuca and Real del Monte mines.
The relations of production were based on the encomienda and mining exploitation in the shadow of which many men generated fortunes.
One of the most powerful men was Pedro Romero de Terreros, a wealthy landowner owner of mines, who tried to reduce wages by causing the first strikes of miners in Mexican territory in 1776.
Independence period
The first independence uprisings against the Spanish authorities took place in Huichapan.
The first insurgent movement includes the sub-delegations of Tula de Allende, Zimapan and Ixmiquilpan; the second is recorded in the plains of Apan and includes Tulancingo, Pachuca and Zempoala; and the third takes place in Sierra Alta and Huasteca.
Although there were no major battles in this region during the independence struggle, the revolutionary movement that erupted in 1810 greatly helped the emancipatory cause led by the priest Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos.
This revolutionary movement was led by Miguel Sánchez, Julián Villagrán and their son José María in Huichapan, among others.
The invasion of France to Spain in 1808 provoked the Grito de Dolores on September 16, 1810. And, 15 days later, the armed uprisings began in the territory of Hidalgo.
In Huichapan, General Ignacio López Rayón, secretary of priest Miguel Hidalgo, and Andrés Quintana Roo gave the cry of Independence from Mexico for the first time, on September 16, 1812.
After independence is declared, another 50 years of wars and blood will ensue in this region and throughout the Mexican territory.
Creation of the state of Hidalgo
The state of Hidalgo was created on January 16, 1869, by decree of the Congress of the Union and President Benito Juárez after a series of political considerations.
Juan Crisóstomo Doria is appointed as provisional governor on January 27 of that same year.
On May 2, the first elections for state governor and deputies were held, with Antonio Tagle winning. On May 16, the first Constitution of the state of Hidalgo was approved.
References
- Rublúo, Luis (2009). History of the Mexican Revolution in the State of Hidalgo (PDF) (Second edition). Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo: Government of the state of Hidalgo. Retrieved on October 10, 2017 from Bibliotecadigitalestadodehidalgo.mx
- Gentleman. Consulted of century.inafed.gob.mx
- Hidalgo (State). Consulted of en.wikipedia.org
- "State of Hidalgo - Regionalization" (State of Mexico Regional divisions). Encyclopedia of the Municipalities of Mexico (in Spanish). Mexico: National Institute for Federalism and Municipal Development. Consulted of wikivisually.com
- Things you didn't know about the "Cry of Independence." Consulted of vanguardia.com.mx
- In Huichapan, Hidalgo, the first 'Cry of Independence' was given almost 100 years ago. web.archive.org
- "Pre-Hispanic Cultures of Mexico". Mexican Archeology. Consulted arqueologiamexicana.mx