- The 3 powers of the Republic of Peru
- 1- Executive Power
- 2- Legislative Power
- 3- Judicial Power
- References
The structure of the Peruvian state consists of three main powers and several ministries. The state executes the government of the Republic of Peru, and the Constituent Power is the highest power of the state, approved by referendum and executed in 1993.
The Inca Empire was a state of ancient Peru. It was not a nation, since its political structure was organized but they did not have knowledge about the organization of the nation legally and the functions exercised with some autonomy.
Later, the Spanish Empire implemented the Judicial Power in Peru, which was divided by the Audiencia de Charcas and the Real Audiencia de Lima.
It was not until the arrival of Simón Bolívar that the Judicial Power was created through the Superior Court of Justice of Lima, Huamanga and Cusco, in addition to the Superior Court of Liberty.
Peru was born as an independent state in 1821 and approved its first Constitution in that year. It is called a pluralistic country, of multiple cultures and races; independent and sovereign, made up of regions, departments, provinces and districts.
The central government of Peru is currently made up of three independent sectors made up of the Executive Power, the Legislative Power and the Judicial Power; there are also autonomous constitutional bodies.
The 3 powers of the Republic of Peru
1- Executive Power
It is an autonomous body in charge of executing, administering and enforcing the laws. In addition, it is obliged to respond effectively to the operation of public services for the well-being of the population.
The Executive Power is integrated by the head of the state, that is to say the president of the Republic, chosen by means of the vote in an act of suffrage; also by the vice presidents and ministers of the State.
For a Peruvian citizen to be eligible to be a candidate for the presidency of the Republic, they must meet the requirement of being over 35 years of age.
The president can exercise his mandate for a period of five years, and once it has ended, he can be re-elected immediately for an additional period, although a former president can also run again.
Among the most important functions of the President of the Republic are to comply with and execute the Constitution, laws, treaties and legal practices.
It must also represent the State outside and within the nation, direct a general policy, ensure the internal order and security of the country, establish decrees, solutions, and call elections.
At the same time, among its attributions are to have international relations, to administer the National Defense System, and to organize and dispose of the Armed Forces and the National Police.
In the same way, it may declare war and sign peace with the authorization of Congress.
The Executive Branch has 18 ministries, which it must lead and coordinate. Among them are:
- Department of agriculture.
- Ministry of Commerce and Tourism.
- Ministry of Defence.
- Ministry of Economy.
- Ministry of Education.
- Ministry of Energy and Mines.
- Ministry of the Interior.
- Ministry of Justice.
- Ministry of women.
- Ministry of Production.
- Ministry of Health.
- Ministry of Labor.
- Ministry of Transport.
- Ministry of communications.
- Ministry of Housing.
- Ministry of the Environment.
- Culture Ministry.
- Ministry of Social Development.
2- Legislative Power
The Legislative Branch is part of the Congress which is made up of single chambers of 130 members. Among these are the non-legal Courts of the Peace, the Superior Courts, and the Supreme Court of Justice.
Its attributions are to give laws and legislative resolutions, as well as to modify, interpret and annul existing laws.
Likewise, it is in charge of respecting the Constitution, the laws, implementing and making the responsibilities of offenders pay.
It also approves the budget and the general account, exercises the right of amnesty, and authorizes the President of the Republic to leave the country.
In the same way, this body is in charge of publishing the Law in Peru, as well as giving consent to the entry of foreign troops into the territory of the republic without affecting the country.
This power is responsible for approving treaties in accordance with the Constitution. It is also responsible for the approval of the territorial demarcations proposed by the Executive Power.
It is also in charge of authorizing advances in accordance with the Constitution, and leads the sub-commission for constitutional charges for infractions and crimes committed.
The Congress is divided into three sessions. The first is the annual session, which begins on July 27 and ends on December 15.
The second session is the ordinary period of sessions that begins on March 1 of the following year and ends on June 15. The third session is the period of extraordinary sessions.
3- Judicial Power
The Judicial Power of Peru is autonomous, political, administrative and economic. It is responsible for managing justice through jurisdictional bodies linked by the Constitution and laws, guaranteeing the security, rights and peace of the nation.
This organization is hierarchically developed by administrative institutions such as the Supreme Court of Justice of the Republic of Peru.
There are also the Superior Courts of Justice, in charge of the Judicial District. Finally, in the hierarchical scale, there are the Courts of First Instance, made up of the Courts of the Peace.
The Supreme Court of Justice of the Republic of Peru is made up of 18 supreme members.
The civil, criminal and special courts are in charge of proposing to the plenary chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice, the general policy of the Judiciary, as well as approving the development plan.
At the same time it is proposed to fix the number of supreme members, and in turn to approve the budget projects of the Judicial Power and to execute the sanctions legally.
In addition to issuing reports requesting the Supreme Court of Justice on matters that fall within its functions, the Judicial Power is in charge of supervising the conservation of seized assets and the solution of criminal trials in accordance with the law.
This body is divided into courts: civil, criminal, agrarian, family and labor, which resolve criminal disputes and seek to reconcile the parties to the dispute through judicial procedures, in addition to jurisdictional activities in matters of values and properties.
References
- Legal System Of Peru. Source: oas.org
- Political System of Peru. Source: 123independenceday.com
- Separation of Powers. (2017). Source: ncsl.org
- Main institutions of the State. (2015). Source: citizensinformation.ie
- Joyce Chepkemoi. What Type Of Government Does Peru Have ?. (2017). Source: worldatlas.com