- characteristics
- Uses of contrast connectors
- Examples
- Instead
- But
- However
- However
- Conversely
- Rather well
- While
- References
The connectors contrast are those that link - semantic and pragmatically - a member of the speech with another former member in opposing relationship. As is common for all connectors, the meaning of these give instructions that guide the inferences obtained from the related elements.
Likewise, its use helps to enrich the discourse, giving it variety and a certain sophistication. In addition, it allows the expansion of the symbolic world enclosed in the texts. This is observed in sentences such as: Rafael is fat but runs fast and Although the boy was tired, he did not withdraw from the competition.
Contrast connector example
On the other hand, contrast connectors - or adversaries - are used in both oral and written discourses. The most used are adversative conjunctions (contrariety or opposition conjunctions).
In general, they are used to express concessions, restrictions and exclusions that bring contextual significance to discursive ideas.
It should be noted that its main function is linked to two vital activities of the verbal communication process. The first is the argumentative activity in which the coherence of the statements is important.
Meanwhile, the second is the way to order the speech. This is related to the structural support of what is said and the way it is said.
characteristics
In general, two classes of contrast connectors are distinguished. Restrictive connectors belong to the first class. In these, the fact expressed in the proposition or propositions that precedes them is not denied. In the sentence Rafaela was very young, but she had extensive work experience, this particularity can be observed.
Meanwhile, when exclusive connectors are used, this negation does occur. This can be seen in: She was not silent; rather, he chatted with each of the people who were there.
On the other hand, contrast connectors can indicate an opposing relationship of different elements within a sentence. This is the case of: It is not hers, but his.
But they can also establish the relationship between independent sentences. For example: I didn't have a lot of money. Nevertheless, he bought the best perfumes.
Uses of contrast connectors
The contrast or opposition between two linguistic units that is made by contrast connectors can have a great variety of uses. Among them the following can be mentioned:
-Contrastation of two sentences in which two facts are stated. Although these are contrary, both are reaffirmed without eliminating either of them. These can convey the idea of something unexpected and surprising that differs from the above: however, nevertheless and on the contrary.
-Opposition of two discursive entities with elimination of one of them. In these cases, one of the sentences is denied in order to affirm the other. In this line is the contrast connector rather.
-Pure opposition between the contents of both sentences. Under these conditions, the relationship between the sentences is of the concessive type (the impossibility of fulfilling what is expressed is expressed). Within this class are although, despite and even when, among others.
Examples
Instead
“Approaching the concept of economic development according to a given theoretical framework often generates great controversies. On the other hand, when it is approached from the point of view of real life, it is possible to better understand its integral nature, relativity and complexity… ”(Change and growth in Latin America, 1988-1998 by Iglesias, 1999)
But
“No matter how old you are, if you expected life to be easier, forget about it. It may be a surprise, but life is difficult for everyone and your life will not be without difficulties, no matter how talented you are or how rich you become. " (101 Things You Already Know, But You Always Forget Zelinski, 2018)
However
“… When we know that one of the problems that life presents us has a solution, this motivates us to have the goal of solving it. However, it does not take long for a person with diabetes to understand that diabetes has no cure and that it is for life. " (Diabetes without problems from Suárez, 2015)
However
“Adult education is currently one of the most dynamic fields of social education. However, it cannot be ignored that its limits with formal education are sometimes somewhat blurred, especially when it comes to activities of an academic nature. " (Genesis of social education in Europe by Carreño, 2015)
Conversely
“Gamete formation has a great difference between males and females. Sperm are produced continuously throughout the male's fertile life, so sperm production is continuous, let's say there is always a fresh harvest ready to go.
Females, on the other hand, have a peculiarity: all the cell divisions that will give rise to the ovules during their entire fertile life occur in the female fetus during the third month of gestation and stop just before the last division is completed. to give rise to the mature ovum and thus they will be detained until the arrival of sexual maturity ”. (Destined by chance by Jiménez Sánchez, 2014)
Rather well
“It was perhaps that slow cooking that made me overlook what might be obvious to an outside observer (to you, for example): not only is the writing as extensive as the Republic, but ultimately it touches all the themes of that great and celebrated model.
But do not believe that it is an exercise in archaism in what follows. Rather, as you will soon notice if you read on, his references are decidedly modern. " (Dialogue on the good of Leal Carretero, 2007)
While
“In the case of the complaint, rumination and criticism syndrome, the prescription of temporary displacement is a maneuver that is effective. Although there are points of agreement between the three attitudes, the three are synergized, that is, they maintain a close union and enhance each other. " (If you want to see, learn to act from Ceberio and Watzlawick, 2010).
References
- García Asensio, MA; Polanco Martínez, F. and González Argüello, MV (2008). Spanish language: descriptive and normative aspects in oral and written uses. Barcelona: Edicions Universitat Barcelona.
- Online Latin American Technological University. (s / f). Learn about linguistic connectors and their functions. Taken from utel.edu.mx.
- Martí Sánchez, M. and Torrens Álvarez, MJ (2001). Construction and interpretation of sentences: sentence connectors. Madrid: Editorial Edinumen.
- Fernández, F. and Gil Salom, L. (2000). Sentence links and rhetorical organization of scientific discourse in English and Spanish. Valencia: University of Valencia.
- Martí Sánchez, M. and Chiang, TJ (2004). Pragmagrammatic studies for the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. Madrid: Editorial Edinumen.
- University School of Administration, Finance and Technological Institute (EAFIT). (s / f). The connectors and their function. Taken from eafit.edu.co