- Characteristics of intellectual values
- Classification and types of securities
- Studies on intellectual values
- Examples of intellectual values
- Themes of interest
- References
The intellectual values of the human being are ideas and ways of acting that improve the human being in terms of reason, intellect and memory. Examples of this type of values are reading, science, knowledge or wisdom.
The intellectual person is dedicated to reflecting and criticizing reality: his ideas are intended to influence it. In addition, it intervenes, as creator or mediator, in politics, in the production of ideologies, cultural currents and in the defense of one or other values.
Values are principles that guide the behavior of human beings. But there is no absolute, dominant or arbitrary definition of values, since the notion includes different contents and meanings approached from different theories and concepts.
A holistic view could refer to a quality of "excellence" or "perfection." A value is telling the truth; one value is working instead of stealing, for example.
Characteristics of intellectual values
Intellectual values move around truth, knowledge, investigation, and rationality. In other words, we could think that intellectual values, studied from logic, have:
-As an objective end the truth
-As a subjective end, wisdom
-His main activities are abstraction and construction
-In preference to reason
-With the need to satisfy self-realization, which ultimately results in a whole person.
-They give importance to knowledge
Classification and types of securities
Nor is there a just or unique order of values. Rating hierarchies easily change based on context. The most common classification discriminates logical, ethical and aesthetic values, where the intellectual values are found.
Most of the classifications imposed are divided into “ethical values” and “moral values”, but they have also been categorized as, according to Scheler (2000) in:
a) values of the pleasant and the unpleasant
b) vital values
c) spiritual values: the beautiful and the ugly, the just and the unjust
d) values of pure knowledge of the truth
e) religious values: the holy and the profane.
On the other hand, Marín (1976) differentiates six groups:
a) technical, economic and utilitarian values
b) vital values: physical education, health education
c) aesthetic values: literary, musical, pictorial)
d) Intellectual values (humanistic, scientific, technical)
e) Moral values (individual and social)
f) Transcendental values (worldview, philosophy, religion).
For his part, Francisco Leocata (1991) makes a scale of values with the synthesis of Hartman, Scheler and Lavelle, among which he also highlights the intellectual values:
a) economic values: they have to do with the physical needs, the usefulness and the productivity of the human being
b) sensitive-affective values or vitality values: linked to the expression of the person with their way of feeling good and the sensitivity of pleasure
c) aesthetic values: they shape the transition from the natural to the cultural
d) intellectual values: they come together to demonstrate truth, knowledge, research and rationality
e) moral values: intersubjectivity, conscience and behavior in relation to other people are at stake here
f) religious values: where beliefs and faith play an important role.
Finally, Ervilla (1998) does make a classification between intellectual values and anti-values and relates them to the “rational nature of the human being”.
Intellectual values are defined as the essential virtues for the cognitive development of people: literacy, creativity, reflection. In opposition, the antivalues are: illiteracy, ignorance, dogmatism.
Studies on intellectual values
According to subjectivism, one of the main axiological theories, it is the subject who gives value and significance to things. In other words, things do not value themselves, it is the human being who gives them their value.
Subjectivist views are born from a psychologist theory. According to Muñoz (1998), "to the extent that they presuppose that value depends on and is based on the subject who values: thus from these theoretical positions, value has been identified with some fact or psychological state".
Subjectivism fits values within what is not real and what is not worth by itself, but the human group is the one who catalogs, categorizes and gives meaning to a specific value.
This same appreciation establishes that the values will depend on the approval of an accepted group in society. The good and the bad will be delimited according to the ruling or assessment given by the majority social group.
And from the point of view of axiological objectivism, which is obviously opposed to subjectivism, the added value of things is not linked to individual experience.
According to Frondizi (2001), this trend was born as a “reaction against the implicit relativism in the subjectivist interpretation and the need to establish a stable moral order”.
This school states that values are ideal and objective that have a value independent of people's estimates and that they are real.
In this way, even if we are all unfair because we consider it to be a value, for example, justice continues to have value.
Examples of intellectual values
Some examples of intellectual values are:
- Wisdom. Accumulation of knowledge acquired through experience.
- True. Certainty obtained from a reality not distorted.
- Reason. Mental capacity to come up with ideas that give meaning to a concept.
- Self realisation. Ability to act and achieve objectives without the need for external help.
- Integrity. Ability to keep your moral and ethical values intact.
- Intelligence. Mental ability to adapt, learn, reason or make logical decisions.
- Communication. Ability to express ideas and emotions, as well as to receive them.
- Creativity. Ability to create or invent new concepts or ideas.
- Reflection. Ability to question thoughts and emotions to give them a more correct reality.
Themes of interest
Types of securities.
Human values.
Universal values.
Sociocultural values.
Material values.
Instrumental values.
Political values.
Cultural values.
Hierarchy of values.
Priority values.
Personal values.
Objective values.
Priority values.
Religious values.
Civic values.
Social values.
References
- Cortina, A. (2000). Education and values. Madrid: New Library.
- Ervilla, E. (1988). Educational Axiology. Granada: TAT editions.
- Frondizi, R. (2001). What are values? México, DF: Breviarios del Fondo de Cultura Económica.
- Leocata, F. (1991). Human life as an experience of courage, a dialogue with Louis Lavelle.. Buenos Aires: Salesian Center for Studies.
- Marín, R. (1976). The values, objectives and attitudes in education. Valladolid: Miñon.
- Seijos Suárez, C. (2009). The values from the main axiological theories: a priori and independent qualities of things and human acts. Santa Marta: Clío América.