BASIC RULES OF BASKETBALL - ARTE - 2024

The basic rules of basketball regulate the number of players, the duration of the game, the referees, the points, the measurements of the court, the boards, the ball and the times.

This sport began when, motivated by the need to play an indoor sport during the harsh winters of Springfield, Massachusetts, the YMCA professor, Canadian James Naismith, accepted the mission of creating a sport that required more skill than strength and contact. physical, as was the case with football, baseball or rugby.

This is how in 1891 basketball was created, placing two fruit baskets at a height of 3.05 meters from the floor. The sport quickly spread throughout the US, Mexico, and Europe. Although it was not until World War II in which the American soldiers, who were faithful practitioners of the discipline, spread it in Europe in a massive way.

At the Olympic Games in Amsterdam 1928 and Los Angeles 1932, basketball was played as an exhibition sport and was newly incorporated into the official program in Berlin 1936. The female version of the sport was included for the Montreal 1976 games.

Basketball is today the first sport in many countries of the world, and the NBA is considered the best league in the world.

Main basic rules of basketball

Number of players

Basketball is a confrontation between two teams of twelve players each, five of whom will be on the court and the rest on the bench. Changes will have no limit. Players can move the ball by dribbling, passing, or shooting.

Duration

The game consists of four quarters of 10 minutes each, with a 15-minute intermission in the middle of the game. There is a two-minute lapse between each 10-minute lapse.

In the event of a tie, an extra period of five minutes will be given after the end of the match, at the end of which additional periods of 5 extra minutes will be added until the tie is over.

Referee (referees)

The field refereeing is made up of a referee and an umpire, who exchange roles each time a foul is committed or a jump is executed between two. They use whistles and gestures to make their decisions understood.

Each game begins with a jump between two, in which the referee throws the ball up between two players and each of them jumps to try to pass it to a teammate.

Marking / points

The point is achieved by passing the ball through the hoop. If the throw is made within the area of ​​three, the basket is worth 2 points, and if it is made outside, it is worth three. If it is a free throw for some infraction, it is worth one point.

Court

It is played in a rectangular space with dimensions that must officially be 28 meters long by 15 meters wide, with the minimum dimensions of 26 by 14 meters being valid.

The ceiling of the court must be more than 7 meters high. The pitch must be adequately lit, so that the lights do not obstruct the visibility of the players or the referees.

The lines should be drawn with a width of 5cm in white preferably, all of the same color. The center lines should extend 15cm outwards when crossing the side lines. There must be a minimum distance of two meters before any obstacle around the field of play.

The center circle should measure 1.8m in radius, if painted it should be the same color as the bulb area In this circle the kickoff of the game is made.

The three-point basket zone or three-point area is the area circumscribed within two parallel lines that start 6.25 m from the point below the basket, cut by a semicircle with a radius of 6.25 m whose center is the same cited point. The area of ​​the bulb is excluded from the three-point area.

The substitute bench will be at least 2m from the end line and 5m from the center line.

At 5.8 meters from each end line, the free throw line will be drawn. The restricted area will be that which is inside the bulb shown in the figure.

The boards, hoops and basket

They must be transparent or white, and 3 cm thick. Its measurements are 1.80x 1.05. The bottom edge should be 2.9m above the ground.

The lines will be drawn at a thickness of 5cm, and will be white if the board is transparent or black in any other case. It will be marked as indicated in the figure.

The boards must be protected to prevent players from hitting them. Its support structure must be at least 2m from the baseline.

The board supports must be anchored in such a way that they cannot move. The entire support structure must be protected to a minimum height of 2.15 m. The thickness of the protection must be at least 5cm and its color bright. It must not be possible for the fingers or hands of the players to get caught or caught in the structures described.

Baskets and hoops will be located on the boards.

Ring

The ring must be 45cm in diameter, it must be orange and the diameter of the tube must be 1.6cm. The ring must be fixed at a height of 3.05 m from the floor and be 15 cm in its closest part to the backboard.

Basket

The basket must be white, and they must retain the ball for a fraction of a second when it enters the ring. Its length must be between 40 and 45 cm, and it must be fastened in such a way that it does not represent a danger to the players' hands.

The ball

It must be spherical, orange in color, made of leather or rubber, with a circumference between 74.9 and 78cm, a weight of no more than 650g and no less than 567g. It will inflate to such a pressure that, when dropped from a height of 1.8m, it should not bounce more than 1.4m or less than 1.2m.

Clock and stopwatch

A clock is required to time the elapsed time during the match, as well as the times between lapses. An additional one to control dead times. A 24-second clock and scoreboards for the partial result of the game.

General game rules

The game is played between two teams of five players; the objective is to dunk the ball in the opposing ring. The offensive team (the one that owns the ball) has ten seconds to cross the center line of the court.

Failure to do so will yield the ball to the opposing team. Once the attacking team crosses the center line, it cannot return to its territory. Doing so must yield the ball.

The player with the ball can walk or run while bouncing the ball. If the ball stops bouncing, it must stop. If you restart your walk without passing the ball you have committed a violation (walk).

When bouncing the ball, the player must avoid bouncing it too far to the side, or holding it with the hand, which will be considered another violation.

The action of bouncing the ball with both hands will be called a double. If two players hold the ball between them, the referee will whistle jump between two to decide possession of the ball.

If a foul is committed while the ball is being thrown, bounced, or in the process of entering the ring, the point counts if it is committed by the defensive team. If it is committed by the offensive, the ball will be delivered to the opposing team and the point does not count.

Once the offensive team enters the bulb area, they have five seconds to shoot to the basket or they will lose possession of the ball.

The ball cannot be kicked or stabbed.

It is defined as a foul when one player touches another in a way that causes him to lose control of the ball, or miss a shot.

A technical foul is decreed when a verbal, gestural aggression occurs. It does not have to do with the way of playing but in the way the game unfolds.

References

1. Basketball Basics for New Players and Coaches - Learn the Basic Rules, Concepts, Court Layout, and Player Positions. Recovered from: breakthroughbasketball.com.
2. Brief history of basketball. Recovered from: basketballvirtual8.galeon.com.
3. Guide to Basketball. Recovered from: news.bbc.co.uk.
4. History of Basketball. Recovered from: fbrm.es.
5. Basketball rules. Recovered from: planetbasketball.com.
6. Women's Basketball. Recovered from: ncaa.org.