JORGE LUIS BORGES: BIOGRAPHY, WORKS - LITERATURE - 2025

Jorge Luis Borges was the most representative writer of Argentina throughout its history, and is considered one of the most important and influential writers in the world in the 20th century. He developed with ease in the genres of poetry, short stories, criticism and essays, having an intercontinental reach with his lyrics.

His work has been the subject of deep study not only in philology, but also by philosophers, mythologists and even mathematicians who were stunned by his lyrics. His manuscripts present an unusual depth, universal in nature, which has served as inspiration for countless writers.

From its beginnings it adopted a marked ultraist tendency in each text, departing from all dogmatism, a tendency that would later dissipate in the search for the "I".

His intricate verbal labyrinths challenged Rubén Darío's modernism aesthetically and conceptually, presenting in Latin America an innovation that set the tone until it became a trend.

Like any scholar, he enjoyed a satirical, dark and irreverent humor, yes, always impregnated with reason and respect for his craft. This brought him problems with the Peronist government, to whom he dedicated writings more than once, costing him his position at the National Library.

He was in charge of raising from perspectives never seen before common aspects of life with their ontologies, poetry being the most perfect and suitable means, according to him, to achieve this.

His handling of language clearly reflected this in phrases that have become part of the history of literature. A clear example are the lines: "I do not speak of revenge or forgiveness, forgetting is the only revenge and the only forgiveness."

For his extensive and laborious career, he was not unrelated to the awards, his work was praised everywhere, to the point of being nominated more than thirty times for the Nobel, without succeeding in winning it for reasons that will be explained later. A life dedicated to letters worth telling.

Biography

In 1899, on August 24, Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges was born in Buenos Aires, better known in the world of letters as Jorge Luis Borges.

His eyes saw the light for the first time in his grandparents' house on his mother's side, a property located at Tucumán 840, just between the streets of Suipacha and Esmeralda.

The Argentine Jorge Guillermo Borges was her father, a prestigious lawyer who also served as a professor of psychology. He was an inveterate reader, with a fondness for letters that he managed to calm with several poems and the publication of his novel El caudillo. Here you can glimpse part of the literary blood of the gaucho writer.

His parents

Borges's father greatly influenced his inclination to poetry, in addition to encouraging him from childhood, due to his great command of English, the knowledge of the Anglo-Saxon language.

Jorge Guillermo Borges even translated the work of the mathematician Omar Khayyam, directly from the work of the also English translator Edward Fitzgerald.

His mother was the Uruguayan Leonor Acevedo Suárez. An extremely prepared woman. She, for her part, also learned English from Jorge Guillermo Borges, later translating several books.

Both, mother and father, instilled both languages ​​in the poet as a child, who, since childhood, was fluent bilingual.

In that Buenos Aires house of the maternal grandparents, with its well of cistern and cozy patio - inexhaustible resources in his poetry - Borges barely lived 2 years of his life. By 1901 his family moved a little further north, exactly to Calle Serrano 2135 in Palermo, a popular neighborhood in Buenos Aires.

His parents, especially his mother, were figures of great importance in Borges's work. His guides and mentors, those who prepared his intellectual and human path. His mother, just as he did with his father, ended up being his eyes and his pen and the being that would abandon him only for death itself.

1900s

That same year of 1901, on March 14, his sister Norah, his accomplice of readings and imaginary worlds that would mark his work, came to the world.

She would be the illustrator for several of his books; her, who is in charge of her prologues. In Palermo she spent her childhood, in a garden, behind a fence with spears that protected her.

Although he himself asserts, already advanced in age, that he preferred to spend hours and hours isolated in his father's library, tucked between the endless rows of the best books of English literature and other universal classics.

He remembered with gratitude, in more than one interview, that it was to this that he owed his skill in letters and his tireless imagination.

It is not for less, Jorge Luis Borges, when he was only 4 years old, he spoke and wrote perfectly. The most amazing thing was that he started to speak English and learned to write before Spanish. This denotes the dedication of their parents to the education of the writer.

In 1905, his maternal grandfather, Mr. Isidoro Laprida, died. With only 6 years of age, at that time, he confesses to his father that his dream is to be a writer. His father fully supports him.

Gifted child

During those years, being just a child under the education of his grandmother and a governess, he was in charge of making a summary in English of Greek mythology. In Spanish, for her part, she wrote her first story based on a fragment of Don Quixote: "La víscera fatal". Then he would represent him with Norah in front of the family on multiple occasions.

Also, as a child, he translated "The Happy Prince" by Oscar Wilde. Due to the quality of this work, it was first thought that the one who had done it was his father.

It sounds amazing, but we are in the presence of a child who used to read Dickens, Twain, the Grimms and Stevenson, as well as classics such as Per Abad's compilation of El cantar del Mío Cid, or The Thousand and One Nights. Although genetics played a role in his destiny, his passion for reading enshrined him early on.

Traumas at school

Borges, from 1908, studied his primary school in Palermo. Because of the progress he had already made with his grandmother and the governess, he started from fourth grade. The school was the state one and was on Thames Street. Along with the school classes, he continued at home with his consecrated teachers.

This experience at school was traumatizing for Borges. He stuttered and that generated constant teasing, which was really the least of it.

Most worryingly, his peers called him a "know-it-all," and he was intrigued by their contempt for knowledge. He never fit in the Argentine school.

The writer later confesses that the best thing that that school experience gave him was learning to go unnoticed by people. It should be noted that not only was his intellect undervalued, Borges was not linguistically understood by his colleagues, and it was difficult for him to adapt to vulgar language.

1910s

In 1912 he published his story The King of the Jungle, the same year that the renowned Argentine poet Evaristo Carriego died, whom he later exalted with his essays. In this work, Borges, just 13 years old, perplexes readers at his majestic treatment of letters.

Jorge Guillermo Borges decided to retire in 1914 due to ailments in his vision. Following this the family moved to Europe. They left in the German ship Sierra Nevada, passed through Lisbon, then a short stop in Paris and, as World War I was in progress, they decided to settle in Geneva for the next 4 years.

The main reason for the trip was the treatment of blindness by Jorge Guillermo Borges. However, this trip opens the doors of understanding and culture to the young Borges, who lives a transcendental change of environment that allows him to learn French and rub shoulders with people who, instead of making fun of his wisdom, praise him and make him grow.

Events

In the next three years, momentous events begin to occur for Borges' life. In 1915 his sister Norah made a book of poems and drawings, he was in charge of its prologue. In 1917 the Bolshevik revolution broke out in Russia and Borges manifested a certain affinity for its precepts.

In 1918, in Geneva, the family suffered the physical loss of Eleonor Suárez, Borges' maternal grandmother. The poet then wrote his poems "A una cajita roja" and "Landing". In mid-June of that year, after a few months of mourning and respect, the Borges traveled through Switzerland, to settle in the southeast, exactly in Lugano.

His father publishes "El caudillo"

1919 represents a very active year for the Borges. His family returned for a moment to Geneva and then from there they left for Mallorca, where they resided from May to September. It is there, in Mallorca, where his Jorge Guillermo Borges sees his dream as a writer fulfilled and publishes El caudillo.

Jorge Luis, for his part, shows his works Los naipes del tahúr (Stories) and Red Salmos (poetry). It is in Spain where Borges strengthens his ties with ultraism, creating strong ties with writers such as Guillermo de Torre, Gerardo Diego and Rafael Cansinos Asséns, linked to the magazine Grecia.

It is in that magazine where Borges publishes the work "Himno del mar", which according to experts is the first work that the writer formally published in Spain. During those months he also read with great intensity the great Unamuno, Góngora and Manuel Machado.

1920s

Borges, when young

The Borges continued their intense bustle through Spain. In 1920 they arrived in Madrid, exactly in February of that year. In the following months, Jorge Luis finds himself involved in an intense social-poetic life that bursts the letters in his blood.

The poet shares with Juan Ramón Jimñenez, also with Casinos Asséns and Gómez de la Serna, with whom he has deep conversations in favor of the avant-garde and laying the foundations of ultraism. They enjoy multiple literary gatherings, the author was like a fish in water.

It is said that at this time there were several heartbreaks that inspired his lyrics. Love was always a mystery in Borges' life, a meeting with rejection, a not hitting the right one for courtship.

Formation of ultraist groups

In Mallorca he befriends Jacobo Sureda, a renowned poet. With this writer, before leaving, he consolidates talks addressed to a group of young people interested in letters, where the poet persists with his ultraist discourse. In addition, he collaborates again with the Grecia and Reflector magazines.

In 1921 the Borges family returned to Buenos Aires, and they settled in a property on Calle Bulnes.

Internal search

At this stage of the writer's life, these moments of "return", the transcendental change of perspective that the 7-year journey through the old continent meant for him is revealed. He can no longer see his people with the same eyes, but with renewed ones. Borges lives a rediscovery of his land.

This rediscovery is strongly reflected in his work. The ultraist Manifesto, which he published in the magazine Nosotros, is tangible proof of this. That same year he founded the mural magazine Prisma, together with Francisco Piñero, Guillermo Juan Borges -his cousin- and Eduardo González Lanuza.

In that magazine the Enlightenment corresponded to her sister Norah, a kind of agreement between brothers for the previous prologue.

Love arrives, then Prisma and Proa

In 1922 he fell in love with Concepción Guerrero, they became boyfriends until 1924, but they did not continue due to the strong refusal of the girl's family. In March 22, the latest issue of Prisma magazine appeared. Equal Borges does not fail and persists founding a new magazine called Proa.

During the rest of that year, he dedicated himself to finishing the shaping of Fervor de Buenos Aires, his first collection of poems that was published in 1923, as well as the last issue of Proa magazine. The Proa thing was not on a whim, then it is resumed.

In July of that year the Borges returned to Europe. Jorge Luis again made contact with Gómez de la Serna and Cansinos Asséns, whom he honors with some portentous articles containing the essays that are part of the book inquisitions, which the writer later published in 1925.

In the middle of 1924 he returned to Buenos Aires, where he would be for a long time. He became a contributor to the magazine Inicial (it persisted until its last issue in 1927). They lived for a time at the Garden Hotel and then they moved to Quintana Avenue and from there to Las Heras Avenue, to the sixth floor.

Back in Buenos Aires Borges did not rest. This time he invested most of his time editing texts and brought out the second season of Proa magazine.

Borges overloads his production

That same year, and being immersed in commitments with Inicial, with Proa, with the editions and his books, he located a space and joined the avant-garde of Martín Fierro, a renowned magazine of the time.

1925 represents for Borges, 26 years old, a transcendental period of time. His second collection of poems, Luna de Frente is published, along with his book of essays Inquisiciones - of which he dedicated two of his articles to his writing friends in Spain.

After these two books, the critics' perception of Borges leans towards the wisdom of their contents. The general public began to understand that they are not in front of an ordinary writer, but in front of an enlightened one of the letters.

After 15 issues, in 1926, Proa magazine, which was its second launch, stopped coming out. Borges collaborated with the supplement La Razón. That same year he published The Size of My Hope, another compilation of essays where he immerses readers in a deeper philosophical atmosphere.

Biographers assert that, apart from her passion for letters, the strongest reason for her dedication to her work was that feminine void in her life, a void that she never filled as she wanted, but rather as it was presented to her.

First vision failures

By 1927 he began to present one of the problems that brought the most misery to his life: his vision began to fail. They operated on him for cataracts and he was successful. The following year Borges published El lengua de los Argentinos, a work that won him the second municipal prize in essays.

Borges for that year, after a brief rest and as if time were not enough for him to live, persisted in collaborating simultaneously with several printed media such as: Martín Fierro, La Prensa and Inicial and to this he adds his collaboration with Síntesis y Criterio.

The literary scholars of the time closely followed his footsteps and appointed him, at just 28 years old, a board member of the SADE (Argentine society of writers), recently created that year.

That year Guillermo de Torre became his brother-in-law. Whoever was his literary friend in Europe, he crossed the sea to marry Norah, whom he had fallen in love with from previous trips.

Norah Borges and Guillermo de Torre

In 1929 he won second place in a municipal poetry contest after publishing Cuaderno San Martín.

1930s

This decade represented a before and after in his life for Borges. Intense ups and downs came to shape your life in ways you never expected. In 1930, he moved away from poetry and ultraism for a long time and went into himself, in a personal search for his own aesthetic as a creator.

He once again exalted Evaristo Carriego, but this time with a deeper and more critical vision. He released several essays, in addition to his biography of the poet. That work allowed him to retrace his steps to the neighborhood that saw him grow and helped him, in a great way, to identify himself as a unique subject.

In that same year, he strengthened working relationships with Victoria Ocampo, who founded the following year Sur, which over the years became the most important and influential literary magazine in Latin America.

Borges became his advisor and thanks to her he met Adolfo Bioy Casares, who was one of his closest friends and assiduous collaborator.

In 1932 a new book of essays, Discussion, came to light. The critics did not stop being surprised with Borges. He continued to collaborate intensely with Sur.

In 1933 a group of Argentine and foreign writers published Discussions on Borges in the Megáfono magazine, praising the writer's work with his essays.

Death of his father

From 1932 to 1938 he continued to search for his identity by publishing endless essays and articles until life struck him with fateful news and another series of unfortunate events. On Thursday, February 24, Jorge Guillermo Borges passed away. The news shocked the family and emotionally affected the writer.

Gradual loss of vision

Just 10 months after his father's accident, on Saturday, December 24, Jorge Luis Borges hit a window, this wound caused septicemia and he almost died.

Because of that event, at just 39 years old, his vision began to deteriorate exponentially, requiring the help of his close friends. Her mother persisted in being her staff.

Despite the hard blows of life, his literary activity did not cease. He devoted himself to narrating, he translated Kafka's magnificent work The Metamorphosis. From then on he could not live alone again, so he, Norah, his brother-in-law and his mother agree to live together.

1940s

Between 1939 and 1943 his pen did not stop producing. He published his first fantastic story Pierre Menard, author of Don Quixote en Sur, many say that under the effects of his convalescence, hence his great dream load. His publication was so popular that it was translated into French.

In 1944 he published one of his top works: Ficciones, a piece containing more fantastic stories that earned him the SADE “Grand Prize of Honor”. His stories were again translated into French for their great value. That year she moved to Maipú 994, to an apartment with her beloved mother.

In 1946, due to his marked right-wing tendency and having stamped his signature on some documents against Perón, they dismissed him from the Municipal Library and sent him, out of revenge, to supervise poultry. Borges refused to humiliate himself and withdrew to give lectures in nearby provinces. SADE came out in his favor.

In 1949 he published his masterpiece El Aleph, containing fantastic tales. This work, like a large number of romantic poems, she dedicated to Estela Canto, one of her deepest and equally unrequited loves.

She was the clear example of how love can transform even the lyrics of a man, and also how a being of Borges's stature can sink into the utmost sadness for not being loved by the one he loves. The writer offered her marriage and she refused. Estela said she did not feel any type of attraction for him, except respect and friendship.

1950s

In 1950, as an accolade from his peers, he was appointed president of SADE until 1953. He continued to teach at universities and other institutions and did not stop preparing and studying. This decade is considered the peak of life in terms of maturity. He managed to lay the foundations of his literary character.

Roses and thorns

In the fifties life brings you flowers and thorns. His teacher and friend Macedonio Fernández left this plan in 1952. In 1955 he was given the honor of directing the National Library and the Argentine Academy of Leras appointed him an active member.

In 1956 the UBA (University of Buenos Aires) appointed him in charge of the chair of English literature. He was awarded the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa, at the University of Cuyo and also won the National Prize for Literature.

Writing prohibition

In the year 56 misfortune also came: he was forbidden to write due to eye problems. Since then, and in accordance with his mettle and dedication, he gradually learned to memorize the writings and then to narrate them to his mother and the occasional regular scribe, among them, later, his secret love María Kodama.

The subsequent decades were crammed with recognition and travel around the world, where he received a large number of honors from countless universities and organizations.

1960s

In 1960 he published The Maker, in addition to a ninth volume of what he called the Complete Works. He also took out his Book of Heaven and Hell. In 1961 he was awarded the Formentor Prize in Mallorca. The following year, 1962, he was appointed Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters. In 1963 he toured Europe to give lectures and receive further recognition.

In 1964, UNESCO invited him to the tribute to Shakespeare that was held in Paris. In 1965 he was awarded the distinction of Knight of the Order of the British Empire. In 1966 he published the new expanded version of his poetic work.

First marriage

Love came late, but surely, although it did not last long. At the insistence of his mother, who was worried about the writer's lonely old age, Borges married Elsa Astete Millán at age 68. The wedding was on September 21, 1967, at the Church of Our Lady of Victories. The marriage only lasted 3 years and then they divorced.

It was one of his mother's biggest blunders, which Borges agreed to out of respect and because he highly valued her advice. Although María Kodama was already haunting Borges's life at that time.

In 1968 he was appointed in Boston a Foreign Honorary Member of the United States Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1969 he published Elogio de la sombra.

1970s

This decade brought bittersweet flavors to the writer, life began to show him his fragility even more.

In 1970 he received the Inter-American Literary Prize in São Paulo. In 1971, the University of Oxford awarded him the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa. That same year his brother-in-law, Guillermo de Torre, died, which meant a great blow to the whole family, especially his sister Norah.

In 1972 he published El oro de los tigres (poetry and prose). In 1973, she resigned as director of the National Library, to later retire and continue traveling with the world.

By then, María Kodama was more and more present. The poet's mother, who asked God for health to take care of Borges, began to convalesce at 97 years of age.

Leonor Acevedo de Borges

In 1974, Emecé published his Complete Works, in a single volume. In 1975, her mother, Leonor Acevedo, who was her eyes and hands since she lost her sight, left this plane, as well as her friend and life counselor. Borges was greatly affected. María Kodama came to represent a necessary support for the writer at that time.

In September of that year, he traveled to the United States with María Kodama, invited by the University of Michigan. The following year, 1976. He published Dream Book.

In 1977, the University of Tucumán awarded him the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa. In 1978 he was appointed Doctor Honoris Causa by the University of the Sorbonne. In 1979 the Federal Republic of Germany awarded him the Order of Merit.

1980s

In 1980 he received the National Cervantes Award. In 1981 he published The Cipher (poems). By 1982, he published Nine Dantesque essays. In 1983 he received the Order of the Legion of Honor, in France. In 1984 he was named Doctor Honoris Causa by the University of Rome.

And for 1985 he received the Etruria Prize for Literature, in Volterra, for the first volume of his Complete Works. This is just one event per year of the dozens it received.

The misfortune of the Nobel

Despite all the display and scope of his work and having been nominated thirty times, he never managed to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.

There are some scholars who claim that this was due to the fact that during the Pinochet government, the writer accepted recognition from the dictator. Despite that, Borges continued with his forehead held high. The attitude of the Nobel leadership is considered a fault to the very history of Spanish American letters.

The feminine emptiness in the life of Borges

Borges' life had many gaps, the feminine was one. Despite his successes and recognition, he was not lucky enough to approach the right women, those who were his match. That is why it is the almost absence of female sexuality in his work.

Contrary to what many believe, it has nothing to do with the figure of his mother, whom they brand as castrator, Borges himself confirmed it on more than one occasion. It was just that way that life was given and he took advantage of the muses to write and delve deeper into himself.

However, not everything was desolation, in his life the shadow of that real love was always present in the image of María Kodama.

At the end of his years he made his home in Geneva, in the Vieille Ville. He married María Kodama after a very long love that began, according to biographers, when she was 16 years old.

Borges represented during his time, in himself, the evolutionary link of literature in America, since he was not only innovative, but also perfectionist.

His manifestations in the letters spared no expense as far as originality is concerned, much less the excellent treatment he gave to written language.

Death

The famous writer Jorge Luis Borges died on June 14, 1986 in Geneva, from pulmonary emphysema. His funeral procession was like that of a hero and the thousands of writings in his honor would suffice to make 20 books. He left a deep mark on the letters of world literature. His body rests in the Plainpalais cemetery.

Featured phrases

“Nothing is built in stone; everything is built on sand, but we must build as if sand were made of stone ”.

"I'm not sure of anything, I don't know anything… Can you imagine that I don't even know the date of my own death?"

"To fall in love is to create a religion that has a fallible god."

"The sea is an idiomatic expression that I cannot decipher."

"I can't sleep unless I'm surrounded by books."

3 outstanding poems

The rain

Suddenly the afternoon has cleared

Because the meticulous rain is already falling.

Falls or fell. Rain is one thing

that certainly happens in the past.

Whoever hears her fall has recovered

The time when fortunate luck

revealed to him a flower called rose

And the curious color of red.

This rain that blinds the crystals

Will rejoice in lost suburbs

The black grapes of a vine in certain

Patio that no longer exists. The wet

afternoon brings me the voice, the desired voice,

Of my father who returns and has not died.

The iron coin

Here is the iron coin. Let us question

the two opposing faces that will be the answer

to the stubborn demand that no one has made:

Why does a man need a woman to love him?

Let's look. The

fourfold firmament that sustains the flood

and the unchanging planetary stars are interwoven in the upper orb.

Adam, the young father, and the young Paradise.

The afternoon and the morning. God in every creature.

In that pure labyrinth is your reflection.

Let's throw back the iron coin

that is also a magnificent mirror. Its reverse

is nobody and nothing and shadow and blindness. That is what you are.

Iron both sides till one echo.

Your hands and your tongue are unfaithful witnesses.

God is the elusive center of the ring.

It neither exalts nor condemns. Better work: forget.

Stained with infamy, why shouldn't they love you?

In the shadow of the other we look for our shadow;

in the crystal of the other, our reciprocal crystal.

The remorse

I have committed the worst of sins

that a man can commit. I have not been

happy. May the glaciers of oblivion

drag me down and lose me, merciless.

My parents begot me for the

risky and beautiful game of life,

for the earth, the water, the air, the fire.

I let them down. I was not happy. Accomplished

it was not his young will. My mind

applied itself to the symmetrical stubbornness

of art, which interweaves trifles.

They gave me courage. I was not brave.

It does not abandon me.

The shadow of having been unfortunate is always by my side.

Plays

Stories

- Universal history of infamy (1935).

- Fictions (1944).

- The Aleph (1949).

- The Brodie Report (1970).

- The sand book (1975).

- The memory of Shakespeare (1983).

essays

- Inquisitions (1925).

- The size of my hope (1926).

- The language of the Argentines (1928).

- Evaristo Carriego (1930).

- Discussion (1932).

- History of eternity (1936).

- Other inquisitions (1952).

- Nine Dantesque essays (1982).

Poetry

- Fervor of Buenos Aires (1923).

- Moon in front (1925).

- San Martín Notebook (1929).

- The maker (1960). Verse and prose.

- The other, the same (1964).

- For the six strings (1965).

- Praise of the shadow (1969). Verse and prose.

- The gold of the tigers (1972). Verse and prose.

- The deep rose (1975).

- The iron coin (1976).

- History of the night (1977).

- The figure (1981).

- The conspirators (1985).

Anthologies

- Personal anthology (1961).

- New personal anthology (1968).

- Prose (1975). Introduction by Mauricio Wacquez.

- Pages of Jorge Luis Borges selected by the author (1982).

- Jorge Luis Borges. Fictional. An anthology of his texts (1985). Compiled by Emir Rodríguez Monegal.

- Borges essential (2017). Commemorative edition of the Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language.

- Index of the new American poetry (1926), together with Alberto Hidalgo and Vicente Huidobro.

- Classic anthology of Argentine literature (1937), together with Pedro Henríquez Ureña.

- Anthology of fantastic literature (1940), together with Adolfo Bioy Casares and Silvina Ocampo.

- Argentine poetic anthology (1941), together with Adolfo Bioy Casares and Silvina Ocampo.

- The best police stories (1943 and 1956), together with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

- El compadrito (1945), anthology of texts by Argentine authors in collaboration with Silvina Bullrich.

- Gaucho poetry (1955), together with Bioy Casares.

- Short and extraordinary stories (1955), together with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

- Book of heaven and hell (1960), together with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

- Brief Anglo-Saxon Anthology (1978), together with María Kodama.

Conferences

- Oral Borges (1979)

- Seven nights (1980)

Works in collaboration

- Six problems for Don Isidro Parodi (1942), together with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

- Two memorable fantasies (1946), with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

- A model for death (1946), together with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

- Ancient Germanic literatures (Mexico, 1951), together with Delia Ingenieros.

- Los Orilleros / The Believers' Paradise (1955), together with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

- Eloísa's sister (1955), with Luisa Mercedes Levinson.

- Manual of fantastic zoology (Mexico, 1957), together with Margarita Guerrero.

- Leopoldo Lugones (1965), with Betina Edelberg.

- Introduction to English Literature (1965), together with María Esther Váquez.

- Medieval Germanic Literatures (1966), together with María Esther Vázquez.

- Introduction to North American Literature (1967), together with Estela Zemborain de Torres.

- Crónicas de Bustos Domecq (1967), together with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

- What is Buddhism? (1976), with Alicia Jurado.

- New stories by Bustos Domecq (1977), together with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

Movie scripts

- The shores (1939). Written in collaboration with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

- The paradise of the believers (1940). Written in collaboration with Adolfo Bioy Casares.

- Invasion (1969). Written in collaboration with Adolfo Bioy Casares and Hugo Santiago.

- Les autres (1972). Written in collaboration with Hugo Santiago.

References

1. Borges, Jorge Luis. (S. f.). (n / a): Escritores.org. Recovered from: writers.org
2. Biography of Jorge Luis Borges. (S. f.). (Argentina): Jorge Luis Borges Foundation. Recovered from: fundacionborges.com.ar
3. Goñi, U. (2017). Case of 'fattened' Jorge Luis Borges story heads to court in Argentina. England: The Guardian. Recovered from: theguardian.com
4. Editorial team "Red de libraries". (2013) "Reading should not be compulsory": Borges and how to be better Literature teachers. Colombia: EPM Foundation Library Network. Recovered from: reddebibliotecas.org.co
5. Jorge Luis Borges. (2012). (n / a): Famous authors. Recovered from: famousauthors.org