JALISCO HISTORY: MAIN CHARACTERISTICS - HISTORY - 2024

The history of Jalisco, according to archaeological evidence, began 15,000 years ago. Before the arrival of the Spanish, the following manors, kingdoms and empires developed: Jalisco or Xalisco, Purépecha or Tarascos, Tonallan, Colotlan, Amolla and Autlan, among others.

However, with the arrival of the Spanish since 1522, these kingdoms, manors and empires were losing their dominance.

They are finally displaced in their entirety when Nuño de Guzmán continues the Conquest, since he used torture and murder to maintain Spanish rule and seek the gold of the natives.

With the Conquest, Spanish culture was established and for this the foundation of cities and towns was necessary. Later the viceroyalty of New Spain was established.

Jalisco, along with Nayarit, Aguascalientes and Zacatecas, was part of the kingdom of Nueva Galicia.

You may also be interested in the culture of Jalisco or its traditions.

Prehispanic period

Before the arrival of the Spanish there was the kingdom of Jalisco, which according to historians was founded in the 7th century and was one of the most important in the region.

Several indigenous peoples lived in the lands of Jalisco, among which are the Tecuexes, the Caxcanes, the Cocas, the Sayultecas and the Toltecas, among others.

The Toltecs arrived in Jalisco approximately in the year 618. However, by the middle of the 14th century Jalisco was dominated by the Purépechas or Tarascos.

The Purépechas made the indigenous peoples of Jalisco tributary to them; that is, they had to make payments to them through agriculture and other jobs.

The rule of the Purépecha lasted until the 16th century, when the indigenous peoples managed to separate themselves through the victory of the Salitre War.

The Salitre War began in 1480, when Tangaxoán II, the "caltzontzin" (ruler) of the Purépechas, decided that he wanted to seize the salt discovered in the lands of Jalisco. It culminated in the year 1510 with the expulsion of the Purépechas.

The 5 indigenous peoples of Jalisco

1- Tecuexes

Indigenous town located in the northeast and center of Jalisco. It was made up of the following manors: Ixtlahuacan, Tecpatitlán, Mitic, Xalostitlan, Yahualican and Tzap.

The Tecuexes, together with the Caxacanes, the Cocas and the Guachichiles, were part of the group of peoples called Chichimecas.

2- Caxcanes

The Caxcanes were an indigenous people that lived south of Zacatecas and part of the neighboring regions in Jalisco.

They were semi nomads, so part of their culture is found in various states.

Its territory bordered with the territory of the Tecuexes. This town was part of the indigenous rebellion between 1541 and 1545, and they became allies of the Spanish.

3- Cocas

The Cocas were an indigenous people located specifically in the areas surrounding Guadalajara and in the vicinity of Lake Chapala.

The Cocas were characterized by being a peaceful people, for which there was no confrontation with the Spanish.

4- Coras

The coras were located in what is now known as Nayarit and in part of the northwestern part of Jalisco.

5- Guachichiles

The Guachichiles were one of the indigenous peoples that resisted the conquest of the Spanish, specifically during the Chichimeca war that lasted from 1550 to 1590.

This town was located in Zacatecas and in some areas of Los Altos in Jalisco. The Guachichiles were culturally inferior to the other Chichimeca peoples.

Conquest and colonial period

The conquest of Jalisco by the Spanish began in 1522. In this year Hernán Cortés intended to claim the lands of the Sierra de Mazamitla, so he sent Cristóbal de Olid to explore that region.

However, it was Nuño de Guzmán who finally managed to conquer those lands on behalf of Hernán Cortés.

The lands conquered by Nuño Guzmán were called Nueva Galicia, a territory made up of Jalisco, Nayarit, Aguascaliente and Zacatecas.

Nuño de Guzmán called Guadalajara the region where the caxcanes had been located and founded a village in Mesa del Cerro.

However, on May 19, 1533, the town of Guadalajara was moved to the site where it is currently located. On December 10, 1560, it became the capital of Nueva Galicia.

From 1810 the first movements in search of the independence of Guadalajara began, and it was finally achieved on June 13, 1821 by signing the Plan of Iguala.

Jalisco after Independence

After Mexico became independent from the Spanish crown, a federal government was established as each region wanted to have autonomy.

This form of government was stipulated in Article 50 of the Federal Constitutive Act, which was approved on January 31, 1824.

However, both the president and Congress were granted certain powers that would allow them to lead the entire country. The Federal Constitutive Act arrived in Jalisco on February 7 of that same year.

However, on October 23, 1835, federalism was completely eliminated. For this reason, all federal entities began to depend on the central government, but in 1846 the federalist government was retaken.

Jalisco during the nineteenth century was the scene of multiple conflicts over the seizure of power, and finally suffered because of the Porfiriato.

Contemporary period

Jalisco is currently one of the most important states in Mexico. It has 125 municipalities that are distributed in twelve regions. The capital of Jalisco is Guadalajara.

The twelve regions of Jalisco are: north, high north, north coast, high south, cienega, southeast, south, south coast, Sierra de Amula, western highlands, valleys and center.

Economy

Jalisco is one of the four states that generates the most income in Mexico. In this market both food and sporting goods, beverages, tobacco and cosmetics, among others, are sold. Its economy is also sustained by promoting tourism.

References

1. Jalisco's stormy history. Retrieved on November 6, 2017, from chapala.com
2. Retrieved on November 6, 2017, from wikipedia.org
3. The History of Jalisco. Retrieved on November 6, 2017, from houstonculture.org
4. Sixteenth century indigenous Jalisco. Retrieved on November 6, 2017, from houstonculture.org
5. History of Guadalajara. Retrieved on November 6, 2017, from motherearthtravel.com
6. Indigenous Jalisco (1529-2010).
7. Retrieved on November 6, 2017, from wikipedia.org