- How is a hypocoristic formed?
- With suffixes
- With final syllables
- By approval
- By elimination
- By syllabic deletion
- By union
- By phonetic change
- Examples
- Other examples
- References
A hypocoristic is the form that is used to deform or modify the proper names, applying it in an abbreviated or diminutive way. For its part, the dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) conceptualizes it as the way to affectionately call a person through the transformation or replacement of their name.
An example of this is when "Juancho" is used, a name that would be a hypocoristic of Juan or "Maje", which would be that of María Jesús. However, hypocoristic are commonly used in the Spanish language and their formation can occur in different ways.
A hypocoristic is the form that is used to deform or modify proper names, it is applied in an abbreviated or diminutive way. Source: lifeder.com.
Some of the most used forms are the addition of suffixes that make the name sound childish (from Rosa, “Rosita” is extracted); and the other is through the application of the last syllables of the name (Fernando has the hypocoristic "Nando").
The word hipocorístico comes from the Greek "hypokoristikós" which in turn comes from the verb "hypocorízesthai", whose translation is caresses or calling someone affectionately, in this way it fits the definition of the RAE.
How is a hypocoristic formed?
Hypocoristic can form in the following ways:
With suffixes
In this case, some suffixes are added or added to the names to change the tone with which they are pronounced. These endings can be: ito, ita, in, ina, illa, illo, or also chi, chu, cho. Example: Antoñ ito by Antonio.
With final syllables
Hypocoristic ones are formed from the use of the last syllables that make up a certain personal name. Example: the name Fernanda produces the hypocoristic Nanda. In this case you can add a suffix, then it would be Nand ita.
By approval
Hypocoristic most of the time are applied to refer to a person of child age. However, they are also used to be patronizing or approving of an adult. Thus, the way your name is called or pronounced denotes more affinity and empathy. Example: Eduard ito by Eduardo.
By elimination
Another way to form a hypocoristic is by removing syllables from a name and positioning a new letter or syllable. Example: Gabriela-Gabi, in this case “riela” is eliminated and the letter “i” gains space.
By syllabic deletion
The hypocoristic of a name is also formed by eliminating or suppressing the final syllables that make it up, in this case no diminutive suffix is added. Example: Valentina remains as "Valen".
By union
A classic form of hypocoristic is given by the union of two names in order to make it more familiar. Example: María Teresa has "Marité" as hypocoristic.
By phonetic change
The hypocoristic have a variety in their formation that makes them phonetic and etymological different from the original name. Example: "Pancho" by Francisco. This type of alteration may not be understood by a person who does not know the Spanish language, since the hypocoristic does not resemble the name.
Examples
- Antonio: Antoñito, Toño, Toni.
- Juana: Juanita, Juani.
- Luis: Luisito, Luisillo.
- Juan: Juancho, Juanito, Juancito, Juanchi.
- Carlos: Carlitos, Carlanga, Caliche.
- Fernando: Nando, Fercho, Nandito.
- Reynaldo: Reynaldito, Rei, Naldo.
- Alberto: Albertito, Beto, Betito.
- Ramón: Ramoncito, Moncho, Monchi.
- Martín: Martincito, Martincho, Tincho.
- Marcos: Marquitos.
- Diego: Dieguito, Dieguillo.
- Susana: Susanita, Susi.
- Oscar: Oscarcito, Osqui.
- Nicolás: Nicolacito, Nico.
- Fernanda: Fer, Nanda, Nandita, Fernandita.
- Giovanni: Gio.
- Teodoro: Teo.
- Sebastian: Seba, Sebas.
- Juan Manuel: Juanma.
- José María: Josema.
- Juan Carlos: Juanco, Juancar.
- Juan Ramón: Juanra.
- María Teresa: Marite.
- María Eugenia: Maruja, Marujita.
- Francisco: Francisquito, Quico, Paco, Pacho, Pancho.
- José: Joseito, Cheo, Pepe.
- Concepción: Conce, Conchi.
- María José: Nice.
- Rosario: Rosarito, Charo, Charito.
- Consuelo: Consuelito, Chelo, Chelito.
- Celeste: Cele, Celes, Chele.
- Vicente: Vicentico, Chente.
- Sofia: Sofi.
- Sergio: Checho, Sergi.
- Santiago: Santi.
- Rubén: Rubencito, Rubencho.
- Rodrigo: Rodri, Rorro.
- Roberto: Rober. Titus, Bob.
- Ricardo: Richi, Riqui, Richard.
- Rafael: Rafa, Rafaelito, Rafita.
- Patricia: Pati, Patri, Patica.
- Pamela: Pam, Pame, Pamelita.
- Miguel: Miguelito, Miqui, Michi.
- Luis Miguel: Luismi.
- Magdalena: Magda, Madi.
- Lucia: Luci, Lulú.
- Leonardo: Leo, Leito, Nardo.
- Laura: Lauri, Lau, Laurita.
- July: Juli, Julito.
- Carolina: Carola, Carito, Caro.
- Juan José: Juango.
- María Carolina: Mariaca.
- Soledad: Alone, Chole.
- Manuel: Manuelito, Manolo, Chema, Manolito.
- Josefa: Pepa, Pepita, Josefita.
- Jorge: Jorgito, Coque.
- Jesus: Chechu, Suso, Chus, Jechu, Chucho, Chuito.
- Jessica: Jesi, Jes.
- Javier: Javi.
- Jennifer: Jenni, Jen.
- Isabel: Chabela, Isa, Isabelita.
- Immaculate: Inma, Macu.
- Ignacio: Nacho, Nachito, Nachín.
- Gustavo: Gus, Tavo, Gustavito.
- Guillermo: Guille, Memo, Guillermito.
- Gonzalo: Chalo, Gonza, Gonzalito, Lalo.
- Gabriel: Gabo, Gabrielito.
- Francisca: Paca, Paquita.
- Florentino: Floren, Flo.
- Feliciana: Feli, Felicia.
- Federico: Fede, Quico.
- Eva: Avoid. Evi.
- Estefanía: Estefa, Estefi, Fefi.
- Enrique: Enri, Quique.
Other examples
Zatu, component of SFDK. Its commercial name is a hypocoristic of Saturnino Rey, its real name. In this case, it starts with 'Z' and not 'S' is because the rapper lisps. By Zatu - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, - Emilio: Milio, Milo.
- Eduardo: Edu, Lalo, Eduardito.
- Dolores: Lola, Lolita, Loles.
- Daniel: Dani.
- Cristina: Cris, Cristi.
- Cecilia: Ceci, Cecilita.
- Carmen: Carmencita, Carmucha, Carmensa, Carmela, Menchu.
- Begoña: Bego.
- Beatriz: Bea, Beti.
- Ana: Ani, Anita.
- Almudena: Almu.
- Camila: Cami, Camilita.
- Vanessa: Vane, Venecita.
- Samuel: Samu.
- Samanta: Sami.
- Amanda: Mandi.
- Victoria: Viki.
- Dionisio: Dioni.
- Milagros: Mila, Milagritos.
- Yulianny: Yuli.
- Teresa: Tere, Teresita.
- Yuleidy: Yule.
- Claudia: Clau.
- Emily: Emi.
- Jacobo: Jaco, Jacobito.
- Juan Gabriel: Juanga.
- Juan Esteban: Juanes.
- Victor: Vitico.
- Rogelio: Roger, Rogelito.
- Matias: Mati.
- Clara: Clarita, Clari.
- Johanna: Joha.
- Andreína: Andre.
- Solomon: Salo, salito.
- Virginia: Virgi.
- Verónica: Vero.
- Zuleima: Zule.
- Rebeca: Beki, Rebe, Keka.
- Gisela: Gise, Giselita.
- Dayana: Daya, Dayanita.
- Juan Franco: Juanfra.
- Catalina: Tasting.
- María del Pilar: Maripili.
- María Isabel: Marisa.
- Osvalo: Osvaldito, Osva.
- Alejandra: Aleja, Ale.
- Natalia: Nati.
- Rosa: Rosi, Rosita.
- Felipe: Pipe, Felipito.
- Liliana: Lili.
- Viviana: Vivi.
- Ruperto: Ruper, Rupertico.
- Elisa: Eli.
- Agustina: Agus.
- Martina: Tini.
- Anthonela: Antho.
- Lourdes: Lulu.
- Mercedes: Merce, Meche, Merche.
- Gregorio: Goyo, Gorio.
- Joselyn: Jose.
- Guadalupe: Lupita, Lupe, Guada.
- Alexander: Alex, Xander.
- Dorotea: Doroti, Tea.
- Matilda: Mati.
- Tomás: Tomi, Tomasito.
- Delfina: Delfi.
- Elimar: Eli.
- Lucrecia: Lucrecita, Lucre.
- Julia: Juli, Julita.
- Yamilet: Yami.
- Raúl: Raulito, Raulín.
- Melania: Mela.
- Yanina: Yani.
- Aracelys: Ara.
- Gloria: Glori.
- María Alejandra: Mariale.
- Florinda: Flori, Flora.
- Alicia: Ala, Lichita.
- Rigoberto: Rigo.
- Penelope: Peni.
- Oriana: Ori.
- Alfonso: Alfonsito, Fonsi, Poncho.
- Saturnino: Nino.
- Veruzka: Veru.
- Yusbelys: Yusbe.
- Empress: Empress.
- Joaquín: Joaco.
- Cecilia: Ceci, Cecilita.
- Magaly: Maga.
- Moses: Moi.
- Denises: Deni.
- Benjamin: Benja.
- Marisela: Mari.
- Yarisma: Yari.
- Wilfredo: Will.
- Ernesto: Neto, Erni, Nesti, Tito, Erne.
- Fulgencio: Chencho, Fulgen, Pencho.
- Heriberto: Beto, Heri, Berto.
- José Luis: Joselu, Pepelu, Pepelucho, Pepeluis, Chelís.
- Raimundo: Rai, Rei, Mundo, Mumo.
- Salvador: Save, Salvi.
- Alba: Albi, Albita, Bita.
- Antonieta: Anto, Toña, Toñeta.
- Barbara: Barbi, Barbarita.
References
- Hypocoristic meaning. (2015). (N / A): Meanings. Recovered from: significados.com.
- Sanz, E. (S. f.). What is a hypocoristic? Spain: Very Interesting. Recovered from: muyintesante.es.
- Hypocoristic. (2019). Spain: Wikipedia. Recovered from: es.wikipedia.org.
- Hypocoristic. (2019). Spain: Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy. Recovered from: dle.rae.es.
- Martínez, J. (1998). The hypocoristic. Spain: Cervantes Virtual Center. Recovered from: cvc.cervantes.es.