- Structure
- Matrix or premise
- Options or alternatives
- characteristics
- Types and examples
- Continuous verbal analogies
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Example 3
- Alternate verbal analogies
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Example 3
- Incomplete verbal analogies
- Example 1
- Example 2
- Example 3
- Importance
- References
The verbal analogies are the relationships that can have two different words, either by affinity or approach in its meaning. These relationships are shown by means of a premise or matrix that gives rise to the analytical fact.
This matrix is later compared with a compendium of options, where the answer that completes the reasoning is found. Verbal analogies touch all areas of human existence; There is not an aspect of man's work that does not present affinity between the terms that concern him.
Analogies do not necessarily apply within the same field of knowledge, they can occur between antagonistic fields. It can be inferred that verbal analogies refer to the similarity between different things and how, through logic and analysis, subjects obtain the conclusions that allow them to find those similarities.
To carry out relationships by analogy, three basic topics are used: by synonymy (the common features between the meanings), by antonymy (the opposite features between the meanings) and by logical relationship (this corresponds to the use of the term, the role that plays in a given context).
Verbal analogies motivate the development of linguistic reasoning of the individuals who apply them, greatly expanding their communicative possibilities and allowing them to more easily conceptualize the phenomena that surround them and occur.
Structure
Matrix or premise
It contains the terms that give rise to everything, written in capital letters, from which the analyzes and correlations are formulated. The terms proposed here make it possible to obtain a congruent answer through reason.
Options or alternatives
They are the words that are presented as a possibility of solution to the matrix. These words are preceded by letters of the alphabet -a, b, c and d, respectively. Words that are not the result are called "distractors."
characteristics
- They are mathematical-logical proportions, they relate the elements around antagonistic or similar qualities in their different dimensions.
- They are a multidisciplinary nexus, they can link any aspect of human endeavor.
- They allow to obtain solid conclusions of the relationship between elements of various kinds through logic.
- They are a tool to reinforce reasoning through observation and analysis.
Types and examples
There are three types of verbal analogies:
Continuous verbal analogies
In this type of analogy, a couple of words are presented that have some type of direct relationship and a third one is waiting to be related. Then a list of terms is displayed that should be related to the third word in question.
The subsequent objective is to find that the link that is achieved between the third word and one of the options on the list, is the closest thing to that existing between the correspondence between the first two terms that were discussed at the beginning and that function as Referrer.
Example 1
Car is to highway like bicycle is to…
a- Supermarket.
b- Path.
c- House.
d- Restaurant.
The answer by logical relation of functionality is b, path. The car is used to travel the highways; the bicycle, to ride the trails.
Example 2
Garza is to a lagoon as a seagull is to…
a- Forest.
b- Desert.
c- Mar.
d- Volcano.
By logical relation of functionality, the answer is c, mar. Herons hunt in the lagoons; the seagulls, in the sea.
Example 3
Aspa is a fan as a fan is a…
by hand.
b- Engine.
c- Boat.
d- House.
The answer is the a, mano. The blade allows the fan to blow air; the fan at hand, too.
Alternate verbal analogies
These analogies present the same structure as the previous one; however, the relationships between the words are different.
In this case, the relationships are between the first words of each pair of propositions and between the second, respectively. That is to say: "A" is to "B", as "C" is to… Then the relationship is presented between "A" and "C", and later between "B" and the solution.
Example 1
Apple is to television as pear is to…
a- Goat.
b- Car.
c- Blue.
d- Computer monitor.
The answer is d, computer monitor. The apple and the pear are fruits; therefore, something had to be found that related to television. In this case, the monitor is an electronic device that fulfills an almost identical function to that of the television.
Example 2
Hunting is diving as harassing is…
a- Jogging.
b- Sue.
c- Dive.
d- Frize.
The answer is c, dive in. Hunting and harassing are synonymous, so a synonym for diving had to be found.
Example 3
Bad is cold as good is…
a- Volcano.
b- Sulfur.
c- Heat.
d- Steam.
The answer is c, heat. Bad and good are antonyms; therefore, an antonym of the word cold had to be found to find the solution.
Incomplete verbal analogies
These analogies lack two words: the first word of the first pair (instead of "A" is to "B", we have "…" is to "B") and the second word of the second pair (as usual in the analogy continuous and alternate).
In a vast majority of cases, these types of analogies are continuous, and must necessarily be perfect to be fulfilled.
Example 1
… is to sound as silence is to…
a- Music-void.
b- Horse-rider.
c- Voice-mute.
d- Walk-stand.
The answer is c. It was necessary to look for what generated sound and that at the same time resembled silence.
Example 2
… is a juice as a glass is a…
a- Glass-wine.
b- Cup-tea.
c- Soup-plate.
d- Shut-tequila.
The answer is a. The perfect match had to be found that would make it possible to relate the terms and their uses: for juice, a glass; for the glass, wine.
Example 3
… is to notes as book is to…
a- Pentagram-letters.
b- Orchestration-verses.
c- Score-words.
d- Rhythm-titles.
The answer is c. It was necessary to find the coincidence that would allow to relate the global with the specific. In this case, the sheet music contains notes and the books contain lyrics.
Importance
Verbal analogies have allowed man great advances in the different sciences thanks to the correlations that this resource allows to make between the different aspects that make up a reality.
Apart from the correlations by synonymy, antonymy and logic, cultural parameters can also be presented as points of comparison to relate terms; For the most part, these respond to specific aspects of isolated realities.
As its etymology indicates (from the Greek ana: "conforming"; and logy: "reason"), it has allowed man to understand the environment and how the parts that make up him are related through reason, helping the growth of the same for the benefit of the species.
Verbal analogies, andragogically and pedagogically, represent a necessary resource in the intellectual development of the present generation and those to come.
References
- Zevallos, A. (2014). What is a verbal analogy and examples. (n / a): Verbal reasoning. Recovered from: reasoning-verbal1.blogspot.com
- Verbal analogies. (S. f.). (n / a): Literary creation. Recovered from: creacionliteraria.net
- Lugo Alonso, C. (S. f.). Verbal analogies. Spain: Docplayer. Recovered from: docpl or similarity of meanings.ayer.es
- García Escala, G. (2010) Analogue verbal reasoning: an essential cognitive ability of written production. Chile: Dialnet. Recovered from: dialnet.unirioja.es
- Barton, M. (2018). What are the types of analogies. (n / a): Genius a day. Recovered from: geniolandia.com